Albino Strains of Ophiostoma Species for Biological Control of Sapstaining Fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Held ◽  
J. M. Thwaites ◽  
R. L. Farrell ◽  
R. A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum ◽  
Prevalent Species

SummaryAlbino strains ofOphiostoma floccosum,O. piceaeandO. pluriannulatumwere selected and screened for biological control of sapstaining fungi on New Zealand radiata pine (Pinus radiata). Albino strains were obtained through matings and single ascospore isolations from cultures of prevalent species in New Zealand. These strains do not synthesize the melanin-like hyphal pigments of common sapstaining fungi. Additional mating studies were also carried out to obtain isolates ofO. piceaeandO. floccosumthat lacked pigmented fruiting structures. Several albino isolates ofO. piceaewith colorless synnemata and isolates ofO. floccosumwith little to no synnemata were obtained. Biological control potential of the albino isolates was evaluated in the laboratory by challenging them on wood chips with fungi that cause extensive sapstain in pine,Leptographium procerum,Ophiostoma piliferumandSphaeropsis sapinea. Many albino isolates ofO. floccosum,O. piceaeandO. pluriannulatumwere effective in stopping the challenge fungi from staining wood chips and were fast growing and colorless when grown unchallenged on wood chips. Selected albino isolates ofO. pluriannulatumwere used in two field trials in New Zealand to control sapstain. Several strains were found to significantly reduce dark sapstain as compared to the untreated control logs.

Ophiostomatoid fungi isolated from Pinus radiata logs imported from New Zealand to Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyu-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim ◽  
Young Woon Lim ◽  
Colette Breuil
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Native Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

Ophiostomatoid fungi discolor lumber, logs, and tree sapwood. Stained wood has a lower market value and can be refused by importing customers because such products can potentially carry pathogenic fungi. Little information is available on the ophiostomatoid fungi that colonize Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) logs imported from New Zealand into Korea. In this work, we attempted to identify the native and non-native fungi colonizing wood imported into Korea. At least 12 species of ophiostomatoid fungi, including an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A, were identified among the fungi-staining radiata pine. They were Leptographium procerum (Kendr.) Wingf., Leptographium bistatum Kim & Kim, Ophiostoma floccosum Mathiesen, Ophiostoma huntii (Rob.) Hoog & Scheff., Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf., Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (David.) Hoog, Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma piliferum (Fries) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma quercus (Georgév.) Nannf., Ophiostoma radiaticola Kim et al., and Ophiostoma setosum Uzunovic et al. Of these species, O. floccosum was the dominant species in both logs and boards. We confirmed that many of the sapstain species that we isolated have been previously reported in Korea. However, four species, O. radiatcola, O. setosum, O. huntii, and O. nigrocarpum have not been reported previously in Korea. We also found the new species, L. bistatum, along with an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A.Key words: radiata pine, ophiostomatoid fungi, New Zealand, non-native organisms, β-tubulin gene.

scholarly journals Californian thistle and its variable response to the biological control agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
B. Smith ◽  
S.G. Casonato ◽  
A. Noble ◽  
G. Bourd?t
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Californian Thistle

Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a problematic weed particularly in permanent pastures The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has potential as a bioherbicide to control this weed but its variable efficacy in historical field trials suggest that there are differences in susceptibility to S sclerotiorum within the species To test this hypothesis the responses of 32 New Zealand provenances of C arvense to a foliageapplied myceliumonbarley preparation of S sclerotiorum were compared under common conditions Significant differences between provenances were found supporting the hypothesis that there is variation within C arvense in New Zealand in its susceptibility to S sclerotiorum Further work will examine differences in the efficacy of fungal isolates against different C arvense provenances

scholarly journals Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and human health

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. CARMAN ◽  
M. G. GARNER ◽  
M. G. CATTON ◽  
S. THOMAS ◽  
H. A. WESTBURY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Very High

Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits (VHD), a potential biological control for wild rabbits in Australia and New Zealand, escaped from quarantined field trials on Wardang Island and spread to the mainland of Australia in October 1995. This study looked for any evidence of infection or illness in people occupationally exposed to the virus. Two hundred and sixty-nine people were interviewed and 259 blood samples were collected. Exposures to VHD-infected rabbits ranged from nil to very high. No VHD antibodies were detected in any of the 259 sera when tested by VHD competitive enzyme immunoassay, which had been validated with 1013 VHDV-specific antibody negative sera. A questionnaire designed to elicit symptoms of disease in a range of organ systems found no significant differences between illness in those exposed and those not exposed to VHD, nor could an association be found between exposure and subsequent episodes of illness. The findings are consistent with the view that exposure to VHD is not associated with infection or disease in humans.

scholarly journals Assessing the virulence of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the pine-infesting weevils to scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

The pine-infesting weevils are known to be effective vectors of ophiostomatoid fungi. To understand more about fungal virulence of these fungi, inoculation studies were conducted on Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.). Two-year-old seedlings were wound-inoculated with one of eleven ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pine-infesting weevils. After 11 weeks, a darkened lesion, extending from the point of inoculation, was observed in all species, except for <em>Ophiostoma</em> cf. <em>abietinum</em> Marm. &amp; Butin, <em>Ophiostoma quercus</em> (Georgev.) Nannf., and <em>Sporothrix inflata </em>de Hoog. Seedling mortality was observed in seedlings inoculated with <em>Leptographium truncatum</em> (M.J. Wingf. &amp; Marasas) M.J. Wingf., <em>Leptographium lundbergii</em> Lagerb. &amp; Melin<em>,</em> <em>Leptographium procerum</em> (W.B. Kendr.) M.J. Wingf., <em>Grosmannia radiaticola</em> (J.J. Kim, Seifert &amp; G.H. Kim) Zipfel, Z.W. de Beer &amp; M.J. Wingf., <em>Ophiostoma floccosum</em> Math.-Käärik,<em> Ophiostoma minus</em> (Hedgc.) Syd. &amp; P. Syd., and <em>Ophiostoma piliferum </em>(Fr.) Syd. &amp; P. Syd. <em>Ophiostoma minus</em> and <em>L. truncatum</em> caused the largest lesions and sapwood blue-stain in Scots pine. <em>Grosmannia radiaticola, Ophiostoma piceae </em>(Münch) Syd. &amp; P. Syd., <em>O. floccosum</em>,<em> O. piliferum,</em> <em>L. lundbergii</em>,and<em> L. procerum </em>produced significantly smaller lesions and sapwood blue-stain than <em>O. minus</em> and <em>L. truncatum</em>, while<em> O</em>. cf. <em>abietinum</em>, <em>O. quercus</em> and <em>S. inflata</em> did not cause any lesions.

Synergy between chemical and biological control in the IPM of currant-lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri) in Canterbury, New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Fagan ◽  
A. McLachlan ◽  
C.M. Till ◽  
M.K. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Nasonovia Ribisnigri ◽  
Chemical Usage

AbstractField trials were conducted at four Canterbury, New Zealand locations in 2005–06 to determine if the synergistic effects of biological control by natural enemies and standard drenching techniques controlled lettuce aphid populations throughout the entire growing season. Chemical usage significantly lowered aphid densities in the outer, wrapper and heart leaves compared to control plants at most times. However, in mid-summer, natural enemies, such as the brown lacewing (Micromus tasmaniae), 11-spotted ladybird beetle (Coccinella undecimpunctata) and small hoverfly larvae (Melanostoma fasciatum), were more than sufficient to control lettuce aphids without the use of insecticides. Drenching, in addition to natural enemy attack, appears to be required in early spring and late summer to maintain very low levels of lettuce aphid. Given the potential for imidacloprid resistance to develop, it may be advisable to restrict drenches to these key periods in order to allow populations of natural enemies to maintain control of prey populations. We recommend industry support the validation of action thresholds across different regions within New Zealand and focus on the seasonal biology of predators to assist growers with the sustainable long-term control of lettuce aphids. The inclusion of additional data into an economic model to compare pest damage with predator loading would be useful for growers in managing aphid problems. These results will assist in the continued improvement and development of a sustainable IPM strategy for lettuce aphids in New Zealand and elsewhere.

The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874: the first use of a ladybird for biological control, or a spurious record created by cumulative misreporting?

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Galbreath ◽  
P. J. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Entomological Society ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Coccinella Undecimpunctata

The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874 has been widely quoted as the first importation of an insect for biological control in New Zealand and one of the first anywhere. However, searches of historical records show no evidence that such an introduction was made or attempted. Instead, there is clear evidence that the presently accepted record arose by a process of cumulative misreporting. An account of discussions in the Entomological Society of London in December 1873 about possible introductions of various beneficial insects to New Zealand was misreported by the American entomologist C. V. Riley, and several subsequent authors restated his version with further modifications and additions. This created the record of the introduction of C. undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874 that has been accepted and repeated ever since.

scholarly journals Modelling variation in wood density within and among trees in stands of New Zealand-grown radiata pine

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Dave J. Cown ◽  
Russell B. McKinley ◽  
John R. Moore ◽  
Leslie J. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Radiata Pine
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document