Using Landsat images to detect oak decline in the Mark Twain National Forest, Ozark Highlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 240 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuizhen Wang ◽  
Zhenqian Lu ◽  
Timothy L. Haithcoat
Keyword(s):  
Mark Twain ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Ozark Highlands

Tree architecture as a predictor of growth and mortality after an episode of red oak decline in the Ozark Highlands of Missouri, U.S.A.

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Lee ◽  
Steven Voelker ◽  
Ricardo M. Holdo ◽  
Rose-Marie Muzika
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Ozark Highlands ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth

Mixed oak stands in the Ozark Highlands of southern Missouri were revisited eight years after a severe episode of red oak decline to determine which predictor variables, collected in 2003, best predicted subsequent tree growth and mortality patterns. Between 2002 and 2009, the mortality rate was 5% (0.625% annual mortality rate), generally below previously reported background rates. Generalized linear mixed models indicated that dieback (an estimate of branch mortality), age, relative height, and the interaction between the last two were most effective at predicting tree mortality. By contrast, tree vigor index (TVI), a composite variable derived from basic measurements of crown and stem architecture, was unequivocally the best predictor of basal area growth trend from one long-term period to the next. Basal area growth increases linearly with TVI, reinforcing the notion that even in ring-porous oaks (which must build new earlywood vessels each year), sustained growth is a low priority for carbon allocation in chronically stressed trees. The findings validate TVI as a useful metric for predicting growth rates of scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Münchh.) and black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.).

scholarly journals Developing a Stand Hazard Index for Oak Decline in Upland Oak Forests of the Ozark Highlands, Missouri

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
Xiuli Fan ◽  
Martin A. Spetich ◽  
Stephen R. Shifley ◽  
W. Keith Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Ozark Highlands ◽  
Black Oak

Abstract Black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) and scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.)—two major components (44% of total stand basal area) of upland oak forests—are suffering severe decline and mortality in the Ozark Highlands, Missouri. However, factors influencing their survival (mortality) are not well understood. In this study we quantified how stand and tree-level predisposing factors are associated with survival of black and scarlet oaks. Sixteen-year monitoring data from the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) indicated that overall annual mortality of black and scarlet oaks averaged 2.2 and 1.7%, respectively, three to five times higher than expected (around 0.5%) for white oak, a common associate. For the first 8 years of the study (1990‐1998), survival rates of black and scarlet oaks were similar. Thereafter, the survival rate of black oak declined relative to scarlet oak. Using the classification and regression tree (CART) method we classified black oak and scarlet oak trees into seven and nine risk groups, respectively, that differed significantly in rates of tree mortality. Groups were distinguished based on tree diameter, crown class, and size relative to competitors. An oak decline and mortality hazard index was thus developed as the weighted means of risk group mortality, which can help managers prescribe species-specific silvicultural treatments to help mitigate oak decline and associated mortality.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Modern Wildfire Occurrence in the Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley D. Brosofske ◽  
David T. Cleland ◽  
Sari C. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Mark Twain ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Understanding relative influences of ecological and anthropogenic factors on wildfire occurrence can assist decisionmakers in allocating fire management resources. We examined the influences of ecological and anthropogenic variables on probability of modern fire occurrence in the Mark Twain National Forest (MTNF), Missouri, using classification and regression tree (CART) and logistic regression analyses. Models were developed for five classes of fire size. Although CART distinguished some effects of fire size on results, logistic regression indicated a single model developed for all fires was sufficient for predictions. Ecological subsection was a dominating influence on fire occurrence for final CART and logistic models, highlighting the potential usefulness of ecosystem classification as a framework for considering factors influencing modern wildfires. Other influential predictors included ecosystem fire resistance; distance to roads, cities, and railroads; road density; mean October precipitation; elevation; median house value; and population density. Wildfires in the MTNF are caused overwhelmingly by arson, which, when combined with our results, suggests that arsonists may seek out flammable fuel types in remote areas with easy access. Within this general anthropogenic fire regime, we found a more subordinate effect of specific human variables (e.g., population density) on modern fire occurrence than did similar studies in the Upper Midwest, perhaps because our study area encompassed primarily federal forestlands with low population density.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Trends of Oak Decline and Mortality under Periodic Regional Drought in the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri

Forests ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
Xiuli Fan ◽  
Michael K. Crosby ◽  
W. Keith Moser ◽  
Hong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Ozark Highlands ◽  
Regional Drought ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals The role of environmental factors in oak decline and mortality in the Ozark Highlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1409-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Kabrick ◽  
Daniel C. Dey ◽  
Randy G. Jensen ◽  
Michael Wallendorf
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Ozark Highlands

Shoot and Root Growth of Northern Red Oak Planted in Forest Openings and Protected by Treeshelters

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ponder
Keyword(s):  
Mark Twain ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Forest Openings ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract Artificial regeneration has been suggested as one way to increase the oak component of harvested forest in the Central Hardwood Region. Openings in forest stands on the Mark Twain National Forest in southern Missouri were planted to northern red oak seedlings with and without treeshelters. Three years after planting, stem growth, survival, the number of branches, and stem and leaf dry weights were significantly greater for seedlings with treeshelters than for seedlings without them. Root parameters for sheltered seedlings, including root length and total and tap root dry weights, were significantly greater than for unsheltered seedlings. There were no significant differences in diameter growth between treatments. Both temperature and humidity were significantly higher inside shelters than outside. Foliar levels of phosphorus, calcium, manganese, and boron were significantly higher in leaves from sheltered seedlings than in leaves from seedlings without shelters. The use of treeshelters could aid in increasing the oak component of newly regenerated hardwood stands. North. J. Appl. For. 12(1): 36-42.

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