The influence of temperature on the liquid–liquid–solid equilibria of the ternary system water+ethanol+1-dodecanol

2005 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boluda ◽  
V. Gomis ◽  
F. Ruiz ◽  
H. Bailador
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
System Water

Equilibrium diagram of the ternary system water-malic acid-tributyl phosphate and the influence of temperature

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy Smagghe ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Muhammad Faizal ◽  
Guy Malmary ◽  
Jacques Molinier
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Tributyl Phosphate ◽  
Equilibrium Diagram ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
System Water

Influence of temperature on the (liquid+liquid) equilibria of {methanol+benzene+hexane} ternary system

2011 ◽  
Vol 305 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica B. Gramajo de Doz ◽  
Carlos M. Bonatti ◽  
María C. Lucena ◽  
Diego A. González ◽  
Marcos E. Mancilla
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Influence of temperature on the liquid-to-liquid extraction of ethanol from (water + ethanol + 1,2-dichloroethane)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2310-2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio N. Sólimo ◽  
José L. Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Conjugate Points ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Tie Lines ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Tie Line ◽  
System Water

To evaluate the influence of temperature on the extraction of ethanol from aqueous solutions with 1,2-dichloroethane, liquid–liquid equilibrium data for the system water + ethanol + 1,2-dichloroethane were obtained at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K. The binodal curves were determined by the cloud-point method, and conjugate points on the tie-lines were obtained by correlating the refractive index of these curves as a function of composition. The tie-line data at each temperature were satisfactorily correlated using the method of Othmer and Tobias, and the plait-point coordinates were estimated. The experimental data were also compared to values calculated by the UNIFAC group contribution method for the activity coefficients using the isoactivity conditions as restraint equations, and with the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. The UNIFAC method proved to be more accurate than the NRTL and UNIQUAC equations fitted to the experimental data. Under the experimental conditions used, ethanol extraction by 1,2-dichloroethane appears to be independent of the temperature.

The effect of temperature on high-resolution TEM image contrast

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
T. Geipel ◽  
W. Mader ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Waller Factor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Debye Waller Factor ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Atomic Form Factor

Temperature affects both elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in a crystal. The Debye-Waller factor, B, describes the influence of temperature on the elastic scattering of electrons, whereas the imaginary part of the (complex) atomic form factor, fc = fr + ifi, describes the influence of temperature on the inelastic scattering of electrons (i.e. absorption). In HRTEM simulations, two possible ways to include absorption are: (i) an approximate method in which absorption is described by a phenomenological constant, μ, i.e. fi; - μfr, with the real part of the atomic form factor, fr, obtained from Hartree-Fock calculations, (ii) a more accurate method in which the absorptive components, fi of the atomic form factor are explicitly calculated. In this contribution, the inclusion of both the Debye-Waller factor and absorption on HRTEM images of a (Oll)-oriented GaAs crystal are presented (using the EMS software.Fig. 1 shows the the amplitudes and phases of the dominant 111 beams as a function of the specimen thickness, t, for the cases when μ = 0 (i.e. no absorption, solid line) and μ = 0.1 (with absorption, dashed line).

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