Visfatin is present in bovine mammary epithelial cells, lactating mammary gland and milk, and its expression is regulated by cAMP pathway

FEBS Letters ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 580 (28-29) ◽  
pp. 6635-6643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomo Yonezawa ◽  
Satoshi Haga ◽  
Yosuke Kobayashi ◽  
Tatsuyuki Takahashi ◽  
Yoshiaki Obara
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Camp Pathway ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland

Bovine mammary epithelial cells, initiators of innate immune responses to mastitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gray ◽  
Y. Strandberg ◽  
L. Donaldson ◽  
R. L. Tellam
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Innate immunity plays a vital role in the protection of the bovine mammary gland against mastitis. Until recently, the migration of effector cells such as neutrophils and monocytes into the mammary gland was thought to provide the only defence against invading pathogens. However, mammary epithelial cells may also play an important role in the immune response, contributing to the innate defence of the mammary tissue through secretion of antimicrobial peptides and attraction of circulating immune effector cells. This paper reviews the innate immune pathways in mammary epithelial cells and examines their role in the initiation of an innate immune response to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Profiles of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Huang ◽  
Liuhong Shen ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Qipin Xu ◽  
Zhengzhong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

AbstractBovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are the main cells of the dairy cow mammary gland. In addition to their role in milk production, they are effector cells of mammary immunity. However, there is little information about changes in metabolites of bMECs when stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study describes a metabolomics analysis of the LPS-stimulated bMECs to provide a basis for the identification of potential diagnostic screening biomarkers and possible treatments for bovine mammary gland inflammation. In the present study, bMECs were challenged with 500 ng/mL LPS and samples were taken at 0 h, 12 h and 24 h post stimulation. Metabolic changes were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF MS) with univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Clustering and metabolic pathway changes were established by MetaboAnalyst. Sixty-three differential metabolites were identified, including glycerophosphocholine, glycerol-3-phosphate, L-carnitine, L-aspartate, glutathione, prostaglandin G2, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid. They were mainly involved in eight pathways, including D-glutamine and D-glutamic acid metabolism; linoleic acid metabolism; α-linolenic metabolism; and phospholipid metabolism. The results suggest that bMECs are able to regulate pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation and energy-producing related metabolites through lipid, antioxidation and energy metabolism in response to inflammatory stimuli.

scholarly journals Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) induces inflammatory mediator production via NF-κB signaling and impairs bovine mammary epithelial cells via mitochondrial pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danru Yang ◽  
Yinghuan Wu ◽  
Yanying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Abstract Background Bovine mastitis is the inflammatory response of the mammary gland with an utmost threat to the dairy industry worldwide. Cytokine networks fuel inflammation. The sensitive and subtle changes of the inflammatory cytokine network in healthy and mastitic bovine mammary gland may encourage the use of cytokines in the diagnosis and prognosis of bovine mastitis. Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine mainly secreted by immune cells and it plays a central role in the complex signaling network of inflammation activation. Therefore, we explored the possible role of bovine AIF-1 related to bovine mastitis in the present study. Results The average concentration of AIF-1 in milks suffering from mastitis was 2.5 fold of that in the healthy cows, while its value decreased in cows recovered from mastitis. Furthermore, recombinant bovine AIF-1 up-regulated TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 secretion from bovine mammary epithelial cells with NF-κB activating, then NF-κB signaling inhibitor BAY 11-7085 abolished the increase of these inflammatory cytokines secretion induced by AIF-1. Thereafter, AIF-1 impaired bovine mammary epithelial cell viability, induced cell membrane permeability and cell apoptosis with exacerbated nitric oxide and oxidative stress, activated caspase 3, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP concentration. Conclusion These results indicated that AIF-1 prompted inflammation mediator production of bovine mammary epithelial cells via NF-κB signaling. Moreover, it damaged epithelial cells by depressing cell viability, inducing cell membrane permeability and cell apoptosis, which might be related to bovine mastitis.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Phenol-Soluble Modulins Impair Interleukin Expression in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1682-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Deplanche ◽  
Ludmila Alekseeva ◽  
Ksenia Semenovskaya ◽  
Chih-Lung Fu ◽  
Frederic Dessauge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cell Maturation ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Infected Cells

The role of the recently described interleukin-32 (IL-32) inStaphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is unclear. We determined expression of IL-32, IL-6, and IL-8 inS. aureus- andEscherichia coli-infected bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. Using live bacteria, we found that inS. aureus-infected cells, induction of IL-6 and IL-8 expression was less pronounced than inE. coli-infected cells. Notably, IL-32 expression was decreased inS. aureus-infected cells, while it was increased inE. coli-infected cells. We identified the staphylococcal phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptides as key contributors to these effects, as IL-32, IL-6, and IL-8 expression by epithelial cells exposed topsmmutant strains was significantly increased compared to that in cells exposed to the isogenicS. aureuswild-type strain, indicating that PSMs inhibit the production of these interleukins. The use of genetically complemented strains confirmed this observation. Inasmuch as the decreased expression of IL-32, which is involved in dendritic cell maturation, impairs immune responses, our results support a PSM-dependent mechanism that allows for the development of chronicS. aureus-related mastitis.

Lactobacillus casei BL23 modulates the innate immune response in Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F.S. Souza ◽  
L. Rault ◽  
N. Seyffert ◽  
V. Azevedo ◽  
Y. Le Loir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Aureus Infection

Probiotics have been adopted to treat and prevent various diseases in humans and animals. They were notably shown to be a promising alternative to prevent mastitis in dairy cattle. This inflammation of the mammary gland is generally of infectious origin and generates extensive economic losses worldwide. In a previous study, we found that Lactobacillus casei BL23 was able to inhibit the internalisation of Staphylococcus aureus, one of the major pathogens involved in mastitis, into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC). In this study, we further explored the capacity of this strain to modulate the innate immune response of bovine mammary epithelial cells during S. aureus infection. L. casei BL23 was able to decrease the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins 6, 8, 1α and 1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha, in S. aureus-stimulated bMEC, 8 h post-infection. On the other hand, L. casei did not impair the induction of defensins, such as lingual antimicrobial peptide and defensin β1 in the presence of S. aureus, and even slightly increased the induction of tracheal antimicrobial peptide during S. aureus infection. Finally, this strain did not alter the expression of the pattern recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain proteins (NOD2). This study demonstrates that L. casei BL23 displayed anti-inflammatory properties on S. aureus-stimulated bMEC. These results open the way to further characterisation of the BL23 probiotic potential in a bovine mammary gland context and to a better understanding of how all these beneficial properties combine in vivo to combat mastitis pathogens.

scholarly journals Oestradiol enhances apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Yart ◽  
Laurence Finot ◽  
Vanessa Lollivier ◽  
Frederic Dessauge
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
Negative Effect

Ovarian steroids, oestradiol and progesterone, are required for normal mammary growth at puberty and during pregnancy. They contribute to mammary parenchyma development by stimulating mammary epithelial cell (MEC) proliferation. However several studies demonstrate that oestradiol negatively affects milk production during the declining phase of lactation, but the oestradiol effect on MEC in lactating mammary gland remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the differential effect of oestradiol on bovine MECs mimicking two physiological statuses: active and early apoptotic MECs. We demonstrated that oestradiol has a major effect on early apoptotic MECs and might accelerate MEC apoptosis by activation of caspases rather than by inducing apoptosis in active MECs. Early apoptotic MECs could be compared with senescent cells in the late-lactation mammary gland. These results suggest that the negative effect of oestradiol on milk production during the declining phase of lactation would be due to an enhancement of apoptotic processes in MECs.

scholarly journals Sequence analysis of porcine polymeric immunoglobulin receptor from mammary epithelial cells present in colostrum

2000 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARUTO KUMURA ◽  
TERUO SONE ◽  
KEI-ICHI SHIMAZAKI ◽  
EIJI KOBAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

The composition of colostrum is quite different from that of mature milk. In particular, colostrum contains relatively high concentrations of proteins responsible for the immunological defence of newborns, such as lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and immunoglobulins (Farkye, 1992; Cals et al. 1994; Telemo & Hanson, 1996; Wang et al. 1997). Whereas lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase are synthesized in mammary epithelial cells (Cals et al. 1994; Molenaar et al. 1996), the immunoglobulins are derived from blood serum (Larson, 1992). Immunoglobulin A (IgA), predominantly found in milk, participates in the development of the gastrointestinal system and the immune system in newborn infants. It is transported by a system that involves formation of a complex with the polymeric IgA receptor (pIgR) exposed on the basolateral aspect of mammary gland epithelial cells, followed by internalization and release into milk as secretory IgA (Rosato et al. 1995; De Groot et al. 1999). Consequently, expression of pIgR in mammary epithelial cells also contributes to the development of the immune system. These proteins specifically expressed in the early stage of lactation are of interest. However, few studies have been carried out compared with those focusing on the major proteins in mature milk, in part owing to problems of mammary gland availability.Imamura et al. (1996) reported the isolation of mRNA from bovine mammary epithelial cells derived from colostrum and showed that it is possible to detect αs1-casein mRNA, predominantly expressed in the bovine mammary gland, through the application of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We have applied this procedure to porcine colostrum, and successfully analysed the coding sequence of pIgR. In this paper we describe the possibility of detecting gene expression in mammary epithelial cells present in colostrum and the porcine pIgR sequence obtained is compared with those of other animal species.

scholarly journals 5-ALA Attenuates the Palmitic Acid-Induced ER Stress and Apoptosis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Mst Mamuna Sharmin ◽  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Itsuki Yamamoto ◽  
Shin Taniguchi ◽  
Shinichi Yonekura
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

The conservation of mammary gland physiology by maintaining the maximum number of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is of the utmost importance for the optimum amount of milk production. In a state of negative energy balance, palmitic acid (PA) reduces the number of bovine MECs. However, there is no effective strategy against PA-induced apoptosis of MECs. In the present study, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was established as a remedial agent against PA-induced apoptosis of MAC-T cells (an established line of bovine MECs). In PA-treated cells, the apoptosis-related genes BCL2 and BAX were down- and upregulated, respectively. The elevated expression of major genes of the unfolded protein response (UPR), such as CHOP, a proapoptotic marker (C/EBP homologous protein), reduced the viability of PA-treated MAC-T cells. In contrast, 5-ALA pretreatment increased and decreased BCL2 and BAX expression, respectively. Moreover, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression was significantly reduced in the 5-ALA-pretreated group in comparison with the PA group. The downregulation of major UPR-related genes, including CHOP, extended the viability of MAC-T cells pretreated with 5-ALA and also reduced the enhanced intensity of the PA-induced expression of phospho-protein kinase R-like ER kinase. Moreover, the enhanced expression of HO-1 (antioxidant gene heme oxygenase) by 5-ALA reduced PA-induced oxidative stress (OxS). HO-1 is not only protective against OxS but also effective against ER stress. Collectively, these findings offer new insights into the protective effects of 5-ALA against PA-induced apoptosis of bovine MECs.

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