In vitro genotoxicity assessment of dinitroaniline herbicides pendimethalin and trifluralin

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehra Sarıgöl Kılıç ◽  
Sevtap Aydın ◽  
Ülkü Ündeğer Bucurgat ◽  
Nurşen Başaran
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Genotoxicity ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

scholarly journals The combination of two novel tobacco blends and filter technologies to reduce the in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of prototype cigarettes

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Crooks ◽  
Ken Scott ◽  
Annette Dalrymple ◽  
Debbie Dillon ◽  
Clive Meredith
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

scholarly journals In vitro genotoxicity assessment of an oxidized dextrin‐based hydrogel for biomedical applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Pereira ◽  
Sónia Fraga ◽  
Susana Silva ◽  
João Paulo Teixeira ◽  
Miguel Gama
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

Comparative in vitro genotoxicity study of ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO macroparticles and ZnCl 2 to MDCK kidney cells: Size matters

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veno Kononenko ◽  
Neža Repar ◽  
Nika Marušič ◽  
Barbara Drašler ◽  
Tea Romih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

scholarly journals In vitro genotoxicity evaluation and metabolic study of residual glutaraldehyde in animal-derived biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Shi ◽  
Huan Lian ◽  
Yuanli Huang ◽  
Danmei Zhao ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Mouse Lymphoma Assay ◽  
Metabolic Mechanism ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Mouse Lymphoma ◽  
General Balance ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

Abstract Glutaraldehyde (GA) is an important additive that is mainly used in animal-derived biomaterials to improve their mechanical and antimicrobial capacities. However, GA chemical toxicity and the metabolic mechanism remain relatively unknown. Therefore, residual GA has always been a major health risk consideration for animal-derived medical devices. In this study, extracts of three bio-patches were tested via the GA determination test and mouse lymphoma assay (MLA). The results showed that dissolved GA was a potential mutagen, which could induce significant cytotoxic and mutagenic effects in mouse lymphoma cells. These toxic reactions were relieved by the S9 metabolic activation (MA) system. Furthermore, we confirmed that GA concentration decreased and glutaric acid was generated during the catalytic process. We revealed GA could be oxidized via cytochrome P450 which was the main metabolic factor of S9. We found that even though GA was possibly responsible for positive reactions of animal-derived biomaterials’ biocompatibility evaluation, it may not represent the real situation occurring in human bodies, owing to the presence of various detoxification mechanisms including the S9 system. Overall, in order to achieve a general balance between risk management and practical application, rational decisions based on comprehensive analyses must be considered.

scholarly journals A comparison of the in vitro genotoxicity of anticancer drugs idarubicin and mitoxantrone.

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błasiak ◽  
Ewa Gloc ◽  
Mariusz Warszawski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Dna Glycosylase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Anthracycline Antibiotic ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Endonuclease Iii ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

Idarubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic used in cancer therapy. Mitoxantrone is an anthracycline analog with presumed better antineoplastic activity and lesser toxicity. Using the alkaline comet assaywe showed that the drugs at 0.01-10 microM induced DNA damage in normal human lymphocytes. The effect induced by idarubicin was more pronounced than by mitoxantrone (P < 0.001). The cells treated with mitoxantrone at 1 microM were able to repair damage to their DNA within a 30-min incubation, whereas the lymphocytes exposed to idarubicin needed 180 min. Since anthracyclines are known to produce free radicals, we checked whether reactive oxygen species might be involved in the observed DNA damage. Catalase, an enzyme inactivating hydrogen peroxide, decreased the extent of DNA damage induced by idarubicin, but did not affect the extent evoked by mitoxantrone. Lymphocytes exposed to the drugs and treated with endonuclease III or formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), enzymes recognizing and nicking oxidized bases, displayed a higher level of DNA damage than the untreated ones. 3-Methyladenine-DNA glycosylase II (AlkA), an enzyme recognizing and nicking mainly methylated bases in DNA, increased the extent of DNA damage caused by idarubicin, but not that induced by mitoxantrone. Our results indicate that the induction of secondary malignancies should be taken into account as side effects of the two drugs. Direct strand breaks, oxidation and methylation of the DNA bases can underlie the DNA-damaging effect of idarubicin, whereas mitoxantrone can induce strand breaks and modification of the bases, including oxidation. The observed in normal lymphocytes much lesser genotoxicity of mitoxantrone compared to idarubicin should be taken into account in planning chemotherapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Investigation of the in vitro genotoxicity of two rutile TiO2 nanomaterials in human intestinal and hepatic cells and evaluation of their interference with toxicity assays

NanoImpact ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pégah Jalili ◽  
Nelly Gueniche ◽  
Rachelle Lanceleur ◽  
Agnès Burel ◽  
Marie-Thérèse Lavault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rutile Tio2 ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Tio2 Nanomaterials ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

scholarly journals Safety Assessment of Ubiquinol Acetate: Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Gajanan Deshmukh ◽  
Suresh B. Venkataramaiah ◽  
Chandrashekar M. Doreswamy ◽  
Mohan C. Umesh ◽  
Rajesh B. Subbanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid soluble, endogenous antioxidant present at highest levels in the heart followed by the kidney and liver. The reduced CoQ10 ubiquinol is well known for its chemical instability and low bioavailability. The present study was designed to synthesize ubiquinol acetate, which is more stable and biologically active, and further evaluate its safety and genotoxic potential. Synthesized ubiquinol acetate showed better stability than that of ubiquinol at the end of 3 months. In vitro genotoxicity studies (AMES test, in vitro micronucleus and chromosomal aberration) showed ubiquinol acetate as nongenotoxic with no clastogenic or aneugenic effects at high dose of 5000 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. In subchronic toxicity study, ubiquinol acetate was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day for 90 days. No treatment related adverse effects were observed in males at 600 mg/kg/day; however, females showed treatment related increase in AST and ALT with small focal irregular white-yellow spots in liver on gross necropsy examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed hepatocellular necrosis in high dose females which was considered as adverse. Based on the results, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) of ubiquinol acetate in males and females was determined as 600 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively.

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