A broad-spectrum organophosphate pesticide O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (methyl parathion) adversely affects the structure and function of male accessory reproductive organs in the rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Narayana ◽  
N. Prashanthi ◽  
A. Nayanatara ◽  
S. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
H. Harish Chandra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
And Function

Comparative effects of Orchis anatolica vs. the red Korean Panax ginseng treatments on testicular structure and function of adult male mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Khouri ◽  
Haytham M. Daradka ◽  
Mohammed Z. Allouh ◽  
Ahmad S. Alkofahi
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
And Function

Abstract: The effects of: Both plants were administered orally to two separate mice groups at a dose of 800 mg/kg/day for 35 days and compared with control group. After treatment, 5 mice of each group were sacrificed and total mice weights, reproductive organs’ weights, spermatogenesis, and androgenic serum markers were investigated. The remaining mice from all groups were allowed to mate with virgin female mice to explore male fertility potential.: Results indicated that body and organs’ weights were increased significantly in mice treated with: We can conclude that

scholarly journals Altered Structure and Function of Reproductive Organs in Transgenic Male Mice Overexpressing Human Aromatase*

Endocrinology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 2435-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Li ◽  
Elina Nokkala ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Tomi Streng ◽  
Niina Saarinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Human Aromatase ◽  
And Function ◽  
Transgenic Male

scholarly journals Effects of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury on the Structure and Function of Reproductive Organs

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Peter Massányi ◽  
Martin Massányi ◽  
Roberto Madeddu ◽  
Robert Stawarz ◽  
Norbert Lukáč
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
And Function

Reproductive organs are essential not only for the life of an individual but also for the survival and development of the species. The response of reproductive organs to toxic substances differs from that of other target organs, and they may serve as an ideal “barometer” for the deleterious effects of environmental pollution on animal and human health. The incidence of infertility, cancers, and associated maladies has increased in the last fifty years or more, while various anthropogenic activities have released into the environment numerous toxic substances, including cadmium, lead, and mercury. Data from epidemiological studies suggested that environmental exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury may have produced reproductive and developmental toxicity. The present review focused on experimental studies using rats, mice, avian, and rabbits to demonstrate unambiguously effects of cadmium, lead, or mercury on the structure and function of reproductive organs. In addition, relevant human studies are discussed. The experimental studies reviewed have indicated that the testis and ovary are particularly sensitive to cadmium, lead, and mercury because these organs are distinguished by an intense cellular activity, where vital processes of spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and folliculogenesis occur. In ovaries, manifestation of toxicity induced by cadmium, lead, or mercury included decreased follicular growth, occurrence of follicular atresia, degeneration of the corpus luteum, and alterations in cycle. In testes, toxic effects following exposure to cadmium, lead, or mercury included alterations of seminiferous tubules, testicular stroma, and decrease of spermatozoa count, motility and viability, and aberrant spermatozoa morphology.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (2_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S77-S95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Variable Region ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Constant Region ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Basic Subunit ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT There are five major classes of immunoglobulins – IgG, M, A, D and E. Each is made of two heavy and two light chains or polymers of this basic subunit. The structure of each heavy and light chain consists of a variable region involved in antigen specificity and binding and a constant region which is involved in the class specific properties. The different classes of immunoglobulins differ in the biological properties. Of particular interest is the IgA fraction which provides antibodies in all the external secretions – including the reproductive organs. A few speculations are offered as to the possible role of IgA in reproductive biology.

scholarly journals On the inference of function from structure using biomechanical modelling and simulation of extinct organisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Biomechanical Modelling ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function

Biomechanical modelling and simulation techniques offer some hope for unravelling the complex inter-relationships of structure and function perhaps even for extinct organisms, but have their limitations owing to this complexity and the many unknown parameters for fossil taxa. Validation and sensitivity analysis are two indispensable approaches for quantifying the accuracy and reliability of such models or simulations. But there are other subtleties in biomechanical modelling that include investigator judgements about the level of simplicity versus complexity in model design or how uncertainty and subjectivity are dealt with. Furthermore, investigator attitudes toward models encompass a broad spectrum between extreme credulity and nihilism, influencing how modelling is conducted and perceived. Fundamentally, more data and more testing of methodology are required for the field to mature and build confidence in its inferences.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

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