A simple and fast method for the determination of endo- and exo-cellulase activity in cellulase preparations using filter paper

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Henrique Luciano Silveira ◽  
Martinho Rau ◽  
Elba Pinto da Silva Bon ◽  
Jürgen Andreaus
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Fast Method

scholarly journals Isolation of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria and Determination of Their Cellulolytic Potential

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Gupta ◽  
Kalpana Samant ◽  
Avinash Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Filter Paper Cellulase ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Eight isolates of cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) were isolated from four different invertebrates (termite, snail, caterpillar, and bookworm) by enriching the basal culture medium with filter paper as substrate for cellulose degradation. To indicate the cellulase activity of the organisms, diameter of clear zone around the colony and hydrolytic value on cellulose Congo Red agar media were measured. CDB 8 and CDB 10 exhibited the maximum zone of clearance around the colony with diameter of 45 and 50 mm and with the hydrolytic value of 9 and 9.8, respectively. The enzyme assays for two enzymes, filter paper cellulase (FPC), and cellulase (endoglucanase), were examined by methods recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The extracellular cellulase activities ranged from 0.012 to 0.196 IU/mL for FPC and 0.162 to 0.400 IU/mL for endoglucanase assay. All the cultures were also further tested for their capacity to degrade filter paper by gravimetric method. The maximum filter paper degradation percentage was estimated to be 65.7 for CDB 8. Selected bacterial isolates CDB 2, 7, 8, and 10 were co-cultured withSaccharomyces cerevisiaefor simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Ethanol production was positively tested after five days of incubation with acidified potassium dichromate.

Automated Filter Paper Assay for Determination of Cellulase Activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 689-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Decker ◽  
William S. Adney ◽  
Edward Jennings ◽  
Todd B. Vinzant ◽  
Michael E. Himmel
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Filter Paper Assay

Automated Filter Paper Assay for Determination of Cellulase Activity

2003 ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Decker ◽  
William S. Adney ◽  
Edward Jennings ◽  
Todd B. Vinzant ◽  
Michael E. Himmel
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Filter Paper Assay

Fast Method for the Determination of Residual Solvents in Radiopharmaceutical Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Mihon ◽  
Catalin Stelian Tuta ◽  
Alina Catrinel Ion ◽  
Dana Niculae ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Residual Solvents

The aim of this work was the development and validation of a fast analytical method to determine the residual solvents content in radiopharmaceuticals such as: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), 18F-Fluoroestradiol (18F-FES), 18F-Fluorothymidine (18F-FLT),18F-Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO). Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive preparations for medical purposes used in nuclear medicine as tracers in diagnostic imaging and treatment of certain diseases. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that consists in introducing into the body of a small amount of a biologically active chemical compound labelled with a short lived positron-emitting radioisotope (18F, 11C, 68Ga). Residual solvents are critical impurities in radiopharmaceuticals that can affect labelling, stability and physicochemical properties of drugs. Therefore, the determination of these solvents is essential for quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Validation of the control method for residual solvents by gas chromatography is referred by the European Pharmacopoeia using a special injection technique (head space). The parameters of the method, which comply with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, are: accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The proposed method (direct gas chromatography injection) proved to be linear, precise, accurate and robust. Good linearity was achieved for all the solvents and correlation coefficients (R2) for each residual solvent were found more than 0.99.

scholarly journals Improvement of Enzymatic Saccharification of Cellulose-Containing Raw Materials Using Aspergillus niger

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Budenkova ◽  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Vyacheslav Dolganyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-containing raw materials, using Aspergillus niger, were studied. Filter paper, secondary cellulose-containing or starch-containing raw materials, miscanthus cellulose after alkaline or acid pretreatment, and wood chip cellulose, were used as substrates. The study focused on a wild A. niger strain, treated, or not (control), by ultraviolet (UV) irradiations for 45, 60, or 120 min (UV45, UV60, or UV120), or by UV irradiation for 120 min followed by a chemical treatment with NaN3 + ItBr for 30 min or 80 min (UV120 + CH30 or UV120 + CH80). A mixture of all the A. niger strains (MIX) was also tested. A citrate buffer, at 50 mM, wasthe most suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis. As the UV exposure time increased to 2 h, the cellulase activity of the surviving culturewas increased (r = 0.706; p < 0.05). The enzymatic activities of the obtained strains, towards miscanthus cellulose, wood chips, and filter paper, were inferior to those obtained with commercial enzymes (8.6 versus 9.1 IU), in some cases. Under stationary hydrolysis at 37 °C, pH = 4.7, the enzymatic activity of A. niger UV120 + CH30 was 24.9 IU. The enzymatic hydrolysis of secondary raw materials, using treated A. niger strains, was themost effective at 37 °C. Similarly, the most effective treatment of miscanthus cellulose and wood chips occurred at 50 °C. The maximum conversion of cellulose to glucose was observed using miscanthus cellulose (with alkaline pretreatment), and the minimum conversion was observed when using wood chips. The greatest value of cellulase activity was evidenced in the starch-containing raw materials, indicating that A. niger can ferment not only through cellulase activity, but also via an amylolytic one.

Fluorometric determination of uric acid in bovine milk

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Kasey M Moyes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Milk Samples

The primary objective of this study is to validate a new fast method for determination of uric acid in milk. The method is based on an enzymatic-fluorometric technique that requires minimal pre-treatment of milk samples. The present determination of uric acid is based on the enzymatic oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate via uricase where the liberated hydrogen peroxide reacts with 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine via peroxidase and the fluorescent product, resorufin, is measured fluorometrically. Fresh composite milk samples (n=1,072) were collected from both Jersey (n=38) and Danish Holstein (n=106) cows from one local herd. The average inter- and intra-assay variations were 7·1% and 3·0%, respectively. Percent recovery averaged 103·4, 107·0 and 107·5% for samples spiked with 20, 40 or 60 μmof standard, respectively, with a correlation (r=0·98;P<0·001) observed between the observed and expected uric acid concentrations. A positive correlation (r=0·96;P<0·001) was observed between uric acid concentrations using the present method and a reference assay. Storage at 4°C for 24 h resulted in lower (P<0·01) uric acid concentrations in milk when compared with no storage or samples stored at −18°C for 24 h. Addition of either allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) or dimethylsulfoxide (a solvent for allopurinol) did not affect milk uric acid concentrations (P=0·96) and may indicate that heat treatment before storage and analysis was sufficient to degrade xanthine oxidase activity in milk. No relationship was observed between milk uric acid and milk yield and milk components. Authors recommend a single heat treatment (82°C for 10 min) followed by either an immediate analysis of fresh milk samples or storage at −18°C until further analysis.

Determination of Chloroquine in Dried Blood Spots on Filter Paper

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bergqvist ◽  
Ö. Ericsson ◽  
M. Rais
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Blood Spots
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