Emission factors of polycyclic and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential combustion of coal and crop residue pellets

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 1265-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yang ◽  
Shijie Liu ◽  
Yisheng Xu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Lijiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Residential Combustion ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Quantification and Health Impact Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Emissions from Crop Residue Combustion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamidele S. Fakinle ◽  
Ebenezer Leke Odekanle ◽  
Ike-Ojukwu Chika ◽  
Omowonuola Olubukola Sonibare ◽  
Olayomi Abiodun Falowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Emission of PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Biomass and Coal Combustion in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Xinghua Li ◽  
Zihao Wang ◽  
Tailun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Chemical Mass Balance ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Receptor Modelling ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Field measured PAH emissions from diverse sources in China are limited or even not available. In this study, the PM2.5-bound PAH emission factors (EFs) for typical biomass and coal combustion in China were determined on-site. The measured total PAH EFs were 24.5 mg/kg for household coal burning, 10.5–13.9 mg/kg for household biofuel burning, 8.1–8.6 mg/kg for biomass open burning, and 0.021–0.31 mg/kg for coal-fired boilers, respectively. These EF values were compared with previous studies. The sources profiles of PAHs for four sources were developed to use in chemical mass balance receptor modelling. BaP equivalent EFs (EFBaPeq) were calculated to evaluate PAH emission toxicity among different combustion sources, and were 6.81, 2.94–4.22, 1.59–3.62, and 0.0006–0.042 mg/kg for those four types of sources, respectively.

scholarly journals Emission factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from illegal burning of different types of municipal waste in households

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 16135-16144
Author(s):  
András Hoffer ◽  
Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi ◽  
Ádám Tóth ◽  
Gyula Kiss ◽  
Anca Naghiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Waste Burning

Abstract. It is a common practice in developing countries and in some regions of Europe that solid wastes generated in households (e.g. plastic beverage packaging and other plastic wastes, textile wastes, fibreboards, furniture, tyres, and coloured-paper waste) are burned in wood- or coal-fired stoves during the winter months. In Europe, the types and volume of municipal waste burned in households is virtually unknown because these activities are illegal and not recorded, with the exception of a few media reports or court cases. Even though particulate emissions from illegal waste burning pose a significant hazard to human health due to the combination of excessive emission factors (EFs) and uncontrolled chemical composition, there is scarce information on the specific EFs for PM10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the scientific literature. In this work, controlled combustion tests were performed with 12 different types of municipal solid waste, and particulate emissions were measured and collected for chemical analysis. Absolute EFs for PM10 and PAHs as well as the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) toxicity equivalent of the latter are reported for the first time for the indoor combustion of 12 common types of municipal solid waste that are frequently burned in households worldwide. It was found that the PM10 emission factors from the combustion of wood-based waste samples were about twice that of firewood, whereas EFs in the range of 11–82 mg g−1 (a factor of 5–40 times higher than that of dry firewood under the same conditions) were obtained for different types of plastic waste. The latter were also found to emit exceptionally high quantities of PAHs, by a factor of 50–750 more than upon the combustion of dry firewood under the same conditions. Since the more toxic 4–6 ring PAHs were predominant in the particulate emission from plastic waste burning, BaP equivalent toxicity was up to 4100 times higher than that from wood combustion.

scholarly journals GEM-MACH-PAH (rev2488): a new high-resolution chemical transport model for North American polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2609-2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia H. Whaley ◽  
Elisabeth Galarneau ◽  
Paul A. Makar ◽  
Ayodeji Akingunola ◽  
Wanmin Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
North American ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Mobile Emissions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Environment and Climate Change Canada's online air quality forecasting model, GEM-MACH, was extended to simulate atmospheric concentrations of benzene and seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, and benzo(a)pyrene. In the expanded model, benzene and PAHs are emitted from major point, area, and mobile sources, with emissions based on recent emission factors. Modelled PAHs undergo gas–particle partitioning (whereas benzene is only in the gas phase), atmospheric transport, oxidation, cloud processing, and dry and wet deposition. To represent PAH gas–particle partitioning, the Dachs–Eisenreich scheme was used, and we have improved gas–particle partitioning parameters based on an empirical analysis to get significantly better gas–particle partitioning results than the previous North American PAH model, AURAMS-PAH. Added process parametrizations include the particle phase benzo(a)pyrene reaction with ozone via the Kwamena scheme and gas-phase scavenging of PAHs by snow via vapour sorption to the snow surface. The resulting GEM-MACH-PAH model was used to generate the first online model simulations of PAH emissions, transport, chemical transformation, and deposition for a high-resolution domain (2.5 km grid cell spacing) in North America, centred on the PAH data-rich region of southern Ontario, Canada and the northeastern US. Model output for two seasons was compared to measurements from three monitoring networks spanning Canada and the US Average spring–summertime model results were found to be statistically unbiased from measurements of benzene and all seven PAHs. The same was true for the fall–winter seasonal mean, except for benzo(a)pyrene, which had a statistically significant positive bias. We present evidence that the benzo(a)pyrene results may be ameliorated via further improvements to particulate matter and oxidant processes and transport. Our analysis focused on four key components to the prediction of atmospheric PAH levels: spatial variability, sensitivity to mobile emissions, gas–particle partitioning, and wet deposition. Spatial variability of PAHs ∕ PM2.5 at a 2.5 km resolution was found to be comparable to measurements. Predicted ambient surface concentrations of benzene and the PAHs were found to be critically dependent on mobile emission factors, indicating the mobile emissions sector has a significant influence on ambient PAH levels in the study region. PAH wet deposition was overestimated due to additive precipitation biases in the model and the measurements. Our overall performance evaluation suggests that GEM-MACH-PAH can provide seasonal estimates for benzene and PAHs and is suitable for emissions scenario simulations.

Emission Factors for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Biomass Burning

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 2462-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan M. Jenkins ◽  
A. Daniel Jones ◽  
Scott Q. Turn ◽  
Robert B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Mobile laboratory measurements of black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other vehicle emissions in Mexico City

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 7387-7414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jiang ◽  
L. C. Marr ◽  
E. J. Dunlea ◽  
S. C. Herndon ◽  
J. T. Jayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Exhaust Plumes ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of concern due to their effects on climate and health. The main goal of this research is to provide the first estimate of emissions of BC and particle-phase PAHs (PPAHs) from motor vehicles in Mexico City. The emissions of other pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter of diameter 2.5 µm and less (PM2.5) are also estimated. As a part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area field campaign in April 2003 (MCMA-2003), a mobile laboratory was driven throughout the city. The laboratory was equipped with a comprehensive suite of gas and particle analyzers, including an aethalometer that measured BC and a photoionization aerosol sensor that measured PPAHs. While driving through traffic, the mobile lab is continuously sampling exhaust plumes from the vehicles around it. We have developed a method of automatically identifying exhaust plumes, which are then used as the basis for calculation of fleet-average emission factors. In the approximately 75 h of on-road sampling during the field campaign, we have identified ~30 000 exhaust measurement points that represent a variety of vehicle types and driving conditions. The large sample provides a basis for estimating fleet-average emission factors and thus the emission inventory. Motor vehicles in the Mexico City area are estimated to emit 1700±200 metric tons BC, 57±6 tons PPAHs, 1 190 000±40 000 tons CO, 120 000±3000 tons NOx, 202 000±4000 tons VOCs, and 4400±400 tons PM2.5 per year, not including cold start emissions. The estimates for CO, NOx, and PPAHs may be low by up to 10% due to the slower response time of analyzers used to measure these species. Compared to the government's official motor vehicle emission inventory for the year 2002, the estimates for CO, NOx, VOCs, and PM2.5 are 38% lower, 23% lower, 7% higher, and 26% higher, respectively. The distributions of emission factors of BC, PPAHs, and PM2.5 are highly skewed, i.e. asymmetric, while those for benzene, measured as a surrogate for total VOCs, and NOx are less skewed. As a result, the total emissions of BC, PPAHs, and PM2.5 could be reduced by approximately 50% if the highest 20% of data points were removed, but ''super polluters'' are less influential on overall NOx and VOC emissions.

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