Emission Factors for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Biomass Burning

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 2462-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan M. Jenkins ◽  
A. Daniel Jones ◽  
Scott Q. Turn ◽  
Robert B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Emission of PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Biomass and Coal Combustion in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Xinghua Li ◽  
Zihao Wang ◽  
Tailun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Chemical Mass Balance ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Receptor Modelling ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Field measured PAH emissions from diverse sources in China are limited or even not available. In this study, the PM2.5-bound PAH emission factors (EFs) for typical biomass and coal combustion in China were determined on-site. The measured total PAH EFs were 24.5 mg/kg for household coal burning, 10.5–13.9 mg/kg for household biofuel burning, 8.1–8.6 mg/kg for biomass open burning, and 0.021–0.31 mg/kg for coal-fired boilers, respectively. These EF values were compared with previous studies. The sources profiles of PAHs for four sources were developed to use in chemical mass balance receptor modelling. BaP equivalent EFs (EFBaPeq) were calculated to evaluate PAH emission toxicity among different combustion sources, and were 6.81, 2.94–4.22, 1.59–3.62, and 0.0006–0.042 mg/kg for those four types of sources, respectively.

scholarly journals Emission factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from illegal burning of different types of municipal waste in households

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 16135-16144
Author(s):  
András Hoffer ◽  
Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi ◽  
Ádám Tóth ◽  
Gyula Kiss ◽  
Anca Naghiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Waste Burning

Abstract. It is a common practice in developing countries and in some regions of Europe that solid wastes generated in households (e.g. plastic beverage packaging and other plastic wastes, textile wastes, fibreboards, furniture, tyres, and coloured-paper waste) are burned in wood- or coal-fired stoves during the winter months. In Europe, the types and volume of municipal waste burned in households is virtually unknown because these activities are illegal and not recorded, with the exception of a few media reports or court cases. Even though particulate emissions from illegal waste burning pose a significant hazard to human health due to the combination of excessive emission factors (EFs) and uncontrolled chemical composition, there is scarce information on the specific EFs for PM10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the scientific literature. In this work, controlled combustion tests were performed with 12 different types of municipal solid waste, and particulate emissions were measured and collected for chemical analysis. Absolute EFs for PM10 and PAHs as well as the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) toxicity equivalent of the latter are reported for the first time for the indoor combustion of 12 common types of municipal solid waste that are frequently burned in households worldwide. It was found that the PM10 emission factors from the combustion of wood-based waste samples were about twice that of firewood, whereas EFs in the range of 11–82 mg g−1 (a factor of 5–40 times higher than that of dry firewood under the same conditions) were obtained for different types of plastic waste. The latter were also found to emit exceptionally high quantities of PAHs, by a factor of 50–750 more than upon the combustion of dry firewood under the same conditions. Since the more toxic 4–6 ring PAHs were predominant in the particulate emission from plastic waste burning, BaP equivalent toxicity was up to 4100 times higher than that from wood combustion.

Ambient PM2.5, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and biomass burning tracer in Mae Sot District, western Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Radshadaporn Janta ◽  
Kazuhiko Sekiguchi ◽  
Ryosuke Yamaguchi ◽  
Khajornsak Sopajaree ◽  
Siwatt Pongpiachan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals GEM-MACH-PAH (rev2488): a new high-resolution chemical transport model for North American polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2609-2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia H. Whaley ◽  
Elisabeth Galarneau ◽  
Paul A. Makar ◽  
Ayodeji Akingunola ◽  
Wanmin Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
North American ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Mobile Emissions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Environment and Climate Change Canada's online air quality forecasting model, GEM-MACH, was extended to simulate atmospheric concentrations of benzene and seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, and benzo(a)pyrene. In the expanded model, benzene and PAHs are emitted from major point, area, and mobile sources, with emissions based on recent emission factors. Modelled PAHs undergo gas–particle partitioning (whereas benzene is only in the gas phase), atmospheric transport, oxidation, cloud processing, and dry and wet deposition. To represent PAH gas–particle partitioning, the Dachs–Eisenreich scheme was used, and we have improved gas–particle partitioning parameters based on an empirical analysis to get significantly better gas–particle partitioning results than the previous North American PAH model, AURAMS-PAH. Added process parametrizations include the particle phase benzo(a)pyrene reaction with ozone via the Kwamena scheme and gas-phase scavenging of PAHs by snow via vapour sorption to the snow surface. The resulting GEM-MACH-PAH model was used to generate the first online model simulations of PAH emissions, transport, chemical transformation, and deposition for a high-resolution domain (2.5 km grid cell spacing) in North America, centred on the PAH data-rich region of southern Ontario, Canada and the northeastern US. Model output for two seasons was compared to measurements from three monitoring networks spanning Canada and the US Average spring–summertime model results were found to be statistically unbiased from measurements of benzene and all seven PAHs. The same was true for the fall–winter seasonal mean, except for benzo(a)pyrene, which had a statistically significant positive bias. We present evidence that the benzo(a)pyrene results may be ameliorated via further improvements to particulate matter and oxidant processes and transport. Our analysis focused on four key components to the prediction of atmospheric PAH levels: spatial variability, sensitivity to mobile emissions, gas–particle partitioning, and wet deposition. Spatial variability of PAHs ∕ PM2.5 at a 2.5 km resolution was found to be comparable to measurements. Predicted ambient surface concentrations of benzene and the PAHs were found to be critically dependent on mobile emission factors, indicating the mobile emissions sector has a significant influence on ambient PAH levels in the study region. PAH wet deposition was overestimated due to additive precipitation biases in the model and the measurements. Our overall performance evaluation suggests that GEM-MACH-PAH can provide seasonal estimates for benzene and PAHs and is suitable for emissions scenario simulations.

scholarly journals Carbonaceous aerosol composition in air masses influenced by large-scale biomass burning: a case study in northwestern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 8293-8312
Author(s):  
Dac-Loc Nguyen ◽  
Hendryk Czech ◽  
Simone M. Pieber ◽  
Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis ◽  
Martin Steinbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Reference Dataset ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. We investigated concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and a wide range of particle-bound organic compounds in daily sampled PM2.5 at the remote Pha Din (PDI) – Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) monitoring station in northwestern Vietnam during an intense 3-week sampling campaign from 23 March to 12 April 2015. The site is known to receive trans-regional air masses during large-scale biomass burning (BB) episodes. BB is a globally widespread phenomenon and BB emission characterization is of high scientific and societal relevance. Emissions composition is influenced by multiple factors (e.g., fuel and thereby vegetation type, fuel moisture, fire temperature, available oxygen). Due to regional variations in these parameters, studies in different world regions are needed. OC composition provides valuable information regarding the health- and climate-relevant properties of PM2.5. Yet, OC composition studies from PDI are missing in the scientific literature to date. Therefore, we quantified 51 organic compounds simultaneously by in situ derivatization thermal desorption gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IDTD-GC-TOFMS). Anhydrosugars, methoxyphenols, n-alkanes, fatty acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrophenols, and OC were used in a hierarchical cluster analysis highlighting distinctive patterns for periods under low, medium, and high BB influence. The highest particle phase concentration of the typical primary organic aerosol (POA) and possible secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constituents, especially nitrophenols, were found on 5 and 6 April. We linked the trace gas mixing ratios of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) to the statistical classification of BB events based on OA composition and found increased CO and O3 levels during medium and high BB influence. Likewise, a backward trajectory analysis indicates different source regions for the identified periods based on the OA clusters, with cleaner air masses arriving from the northeast, i.e., mainland China and the Yellow Sea. The more polluted periods are characterized by trajectories from the southwest, with more continental recirculation of the medium cluster and more westerly advection for the high cluster. These findings highlight that BB activities in northern Southeast Asia significantly enhance the regional organic aerosol loading and also affect the carbonaceous PM2.5 constituents and the trace gases in northwestern Vietnam. The presented analysis adds valuable data on the carbonaceous and chemical composition of PM2.5, in particular of OC, in a region of scarce data availability, and thus offers a reference dataset from Southeast Asian large-scale BB for future studies. Such a reference dataset may be useful for the evaluation of atmospheric transport simulation models, or for comparison with other world regions and BB types, such as Australian bush fires, African savannah fires, or tropical peatland fires.

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