Impacts of road deicing salts on the early-life growth and development of a stream salmonid: Salt type matters

2017 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Hintz ◽  
Rick A. Relyea
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Deicing Salts ◽  
Stream Salmonid

Child nutrition

2018 ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Marly Cardoso ◽  
Jonathan Wells
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Healthy Growth

The ‘first 1000 days of life’, covering conception to age two, is recognised as a critical period for the growth and development of young children. Evidence suggests that good nutrition in early life can help adults become taller, stronger, healthier, and more intelligent and, thus, more economically productive, with many benefits for the next generation as well. The concept of a ‘window of opportunity’ is essential for designing intervention strategies. However, how to promote healthy growth in the first 2–3 years, without provoking excess weight gain and adiposity, is a major challenge to public health policymakers. This chapter addresses the global burden of childhood under and over-nutrition, highlighting the main public health interventions for improving child nutrition.

Acute exposure to ustiloxin A affects growth and development of early life zebrafish, Danio rerio

Chemosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Hu ◽  
Yao Dang ◽  
Chunsheng Liu ◽  
Ligang Zhou ◽  
Hao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Acute Exposure

scholarly journals Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants in the Early Life Interventions for Childhood Growth and Development in Tanzania (ELICIT) Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404
Author(s):  
Tarina C. Parpia ◽  
Sarah E. Elwood ◽  
Rebecca J. Scharf ◽  
Joann M. McDermid ◽  
Anne W. Wanjuhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Study Participants

scholarly journals Natural variation in the growth and development of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) developing in three moose (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) antlers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Angell ◽  
Olivia Cook
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Early Life Environment ◽  
The Relationship

In animals, the early-life environment influences growth and development, which can have lasting effects on life history and fitness into adulthood. We investigated patterns of growth, pupal development time, and their covariation, in wild antler fly larvae (Protopiophila litigata; Diptera: Piophilidae) of both sexes collected from three discarded moose antlers of varying size, chewing damage (used to infer relative age), and antler fly density. Males tended to be smaller and their pupation lasted longer than females. One of the antlers was highly attractive to adult antler flies, whereas the other two attracted few or none. Individuals from one antler of low attractiveness were smaller and took longer to eclose than individuals from either other antler, perhaps due to its high larval density. The relationship between body size and pupal development time also differed among antlers, being positively correlated in the most attractive antler and negatively correlated in the two other antlers.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Stunting in Children Aged 0-24 Months : Studies in Sukaluyu, Karawang, Indonesia (Citarum Project)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Silvia Mawarti Perdana ◽  
Afrinia Ekasari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

The period of early life (0-24 months) is a golden period of growth and development that determines the quality of health in the next age. Double malnutrition, including stunting, at the early life will inhibit the growth and development, also increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the next stages of life. Methods: This study was aimed to analyze prevalence and factors associated with stunting in children aged 0-24 months in Sukaluyu, Karawang, Indonesia (Citarum Project). A cross sectional study was conducted in 130 childrens aged 0-24 months during oktober-november 2018 in Sukaluyu Village, Karawang District, Indonesia (sector 17 of citarum harum project). The data were collected by questionnaires and anthropometric assessment. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the association between birth weight, early breastfeeding initiation, breast milk, and hygiene and healthy lifestyle. Results: The prevalence of stunting (length/height for age z-scores < -2.0) among children was 20% (male 58%, female 42%). Factor associated with stunting among children was breast milk (p<0.05), meanwhile for birth weight, early breastfeeding initiation, and hygiene and healthy lifestyle are not associated. Conclusions: This study found that stunting can be prevented through exclusive breastfeeding (until 6 months) and continued for up to 2 years with giving complementary feeding.

scholarly journals Early-life glucocorticoids programme behaviour and metabolism in adulthood in zebrafish

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
K S Wilson ◽  
C S Tucker ◽  
E A S Al-Dujaili ◽  
M C Holmes ◽  
P W F Hadoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Maternal Influences ◽  
Dexamethasone Group ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Advanced Development

Glucocorticoids (GCs) in utero influence embryonic development with consequent programmed effects on adult physiology and pathophysiology and altered susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. However, in viviparous species, studies of these processes are compromised by secondary maternal influences. The zebrafish, being fertilised externally, avoids this problem and has been used here to investigate the effects of transient alterations in GC activity during early development. Embryonic fish were treated either with dexamethasone (a synthetic GC), an antisense GC receptor (GR) morpholino (GR Mo), or hypoxia for the first 120h post fertilisation (hpf); responses were measured during embryonic treatment or later, post treatment, in adults. All treatments reduced cortisol levels in embryonic fish to similar levels. However, morpholino- and hypoxia-treated embryos showed delayed physical development (slower hatching and straightening of head–trunk angle, shorter body length), less locomotor activity, reduced tactile responses and anxiogenic activity. In contrast, dexamethasone-treated embryos showed advanced development and thigmotaxis but no change in locomotor activity or tactile responses. Gene expression changes were consistent with increased (dexamethasone) and decreased (hypoxia, GR Mo) GC activity. In adults, stressed cortisol values were increased with dexamethasone and decreased by GR Mo and hypoxia pre-treatments. Other responses were similarly differentially affected. In three separate tests of behaviour, dexamethasone-programmed fish appeared ‘bolder’ than matched controls, whereas Mo and hypoxia pre-treated fish were unaffected or more reserved. Similarly, the dexamethasone group but not the Mo or hypoxia groups were heavier, longer and had a greater girth than controls. Hyperglycaemia and expression of GC responsive gene (pepck) were also increased in the dexamethasone group. We conclude that GC activity controls many aspects of early-life growth and development in the zebrafish and that, like other species, manipulating GC status pharmacologically, physiologically or genetically in early life leads to programmable metabolic and behavioural traits in adulthood.

scholarly journals The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Juan M. Rodríguez ◽  
Leónides Fernández ◽  
Valerie Verhasselt
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Human Colostrum ◽  
Health And Disease

The gut is a pivotal organ in health and disease. The events that take place in the gut during early life contribute to the programming, shaping and tuning of distant organs, having lifelong consequences. In this context, the maternal gut plays a quintessence in programming the mammary gland to face the nutritional, microbiological, immunological, and neuroendocrine requirements of the growing infant. Subsequently, human colostrum and milk provides the infant with an impressive array of nutrients and bioactive components, including microbes, immune cells, and stem cells. Therefore, the axis linking the maternal gut, the breast, and the infant gut seems crucial for a correct infant growth and development. The aim of this article is not to perform a systematic review of the human milk components but to provide an insight of their extremely complex interactions, which render human milk a unique functional food and explain why this biological fluid still truly remains as a scientific enigma.

scholarly journals Integration of miRNA and mRNA Co-Expression Reveals Potential Regulatory Roles of miRNAs in Developmental and Immunological Processes in Calf Ileum during Early Growth

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Do ◽  
Pier-Luc Dudemaine ◽  
Bridget Fomenky ◽  
Eveline Ibeagha-Awemu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Mirna Sequencing ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Mrna Analysis ◽  
Functional Analyses

This study aimed to investigate the potential regulatory roles of miRNAs in calf ileum developmental transition from the pre- to the post-weaning period. For this purpose, ileum tissues were collected from eight calves at the pre-weaning period and another eight calves at the post-weaning period and miRNA expression characterized by miRNA sequencing, followed by functional analyses. A total of 388 miRNAs, including 81 novel miRNAs, were identified. A total of 220 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) between the two periods. The potential functions of DE miRNAs in ileum development were supported by significant enrichment of their target genes in gene ontology terms related to metabolic processes and transcription factor activities or pathways related to metabolism (peroxisomes), vitamin digestion and absorption, lipid and protein metabolism, as well as intracellular signaling. Integration of DE miRNAs and DE mRNAs revealed several DE miRNA-mRNA pairs with crucial roles in ileum development (bta-miR-374a—FBXO18, bta-miR-374a—GTPBP3, bta-miR-374a—GNB2) and immune function (bta-miR-15b—IKBKB). This is the first integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis exploring the potential roles of miRNAs in calf ileum growth and development during early life.

scholarly journals Developmental Pathways Underlying Lung Development and Congenital Lung Disorders

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2987
Author(s):  
Inês Caldeira ◽  
Hugo Fernandes-Silva ◽  
Daniela Machado-Costa ◽  
Jorge Correia-Pinto ◽  
Rute Silva Moura
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation ◽  
Lung Abnormalities ◽  
Bronchogenic Cysts

Lung organogenesis is a highly coordinated process governed by a network of conserved signaling pathways that ultimately control patterning, growth, and differentiation. This rigorously regulated developmental process culminates with the formation of a fully functional organ. Conversely, failure to correctly regulate this intricate series of events results in severe abnormalities that may compromise postnatal survival or affect/disrupt lung function through early life and adulthood. Conditions like congenital pulmonary airway malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cysts, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia display unique forms of lung abnormalities. The etiology of these disorders is not yet completely understood; however, specific developmental pathways have already been reported as deregulated. In this sense, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to normal/abnormal lung growth and development and their impact on postnatal survival.

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