scholarly journals Extreme heat, preterm birth, and stillbirth: A global analysis across 14 lower-middle income countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 106902
Author(s):  
Sara McElroy ◽  
Sindana Ilango ◽  
Anna Dimitrova ◽  
Alexander Gershunov ◽  
Tarik Benmarhnia
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Defining Preterm Birth and Stillbirth in the Western Pacific: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110260
Author(s):  
Mairead Connolly ◽  
Laura Phung ◽  
Elise Farrington ◽  
Michelle J. L. Scoullar ◽  
Alyce N. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Preterm birth and stillbirth are important global perinatal health indicators. Definitions of these indicators can differ between countries, affecting comparability of preterm birth and stillbirth rates across countries. This study aimed to document national-level adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of preterm birth and stillbirth in the WHO Western Pacific region. A systematic search of government health websites and 4 electronic databases was conducted. Any official report or published study describing the national definition of preterm birth or stillbirth published between 2000 and 2020 was eligible for inclusion. A total of 58 data sources from 21 countries were identified. There was considerable variation in how preterm birth and stillbirth was defined across the region. The most frequently used lower gestational age threshold for viability of preterm birth was 28 weeks gestation (range 20-28 weeks), and stillbirth was most frequently classified from 20 weeks gestation (range 12-28 weeks). High-income countries more frequently used earlier gestational ages for preterm birth and stillbirth compared with low- to middle-income countries. The findings highlight the importance of clear, standardized, internationally comparable definitions for perinatal indicators. Further research is needed to determine the impact on regional preterm birth and stillbirth rates.

scholarly journals Adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Lisa M Vallely ◽  
Dianne Egli-Gany ◽  
Handan Wand ◽  
William S Pomat ◽  
Caroline S E Homer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Objective To examine associations between Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, perinatal mortality, low birth weight and ophthalmia neonatorum. Data sources We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature for studies published between 1948 and 14 January 2020. Methods Studies were included if they reported testing for NG during pregnancy and compared pregnancy, perinatal and/or neonatal outcomes between women with and without NG. Two reviewers independently assessed papers for inclusion and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using established checklists for each study design. Summary ORs with 95% CIs were generated using random effects models for both crude and, where available, adjusted associations. Results We identified 2593 records and included 30 in meta-analyses. Women with NG were more likely to experience preterm birth (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.99, n=18 studies); premature rupture of membranes (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.92, n=9); perinatal mortality (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.46, n=9); low birth weight (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.48, n=8) and ophthalmia neonatorum (OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.36 to 13.04, n=6). Summary adjusted ORs were, for preterm birth 1.90 (95% CI 1.14 to 3.19, n=5) and for low birth weight 1.48 (95% CI 0.79 to 2.77, n=4). In studies with a multivariable analysis, age was the variable most commonly adjusted for. NG was more strongly associated with preterm birth in low-income and middle-income countries (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.48, n=7) than in high-income countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.83, n=11). Conclusions NG is associated with a number of adverse pregnancy and newborn outcomes. Further research should be done to determine the role of NG in different perinatal mortality outcomes because interventions that reduce mortality will have the greatest impact on reducing the burden of disease in low-income and middle-income countries. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016050962.

scholarly journals Temperature Extreme May Exaggerate the Mortality Risk of COVID-19 in the Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Global Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Mahmuda Islam ◽  
Mehedi Hasan Shimanto ◽  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Abdullah Al-Nur Shanto Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Temperature Extreme ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Partial Correlation Analysis ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

We performed a global analysis with data from 149 countries to test whether temperature can explain the spatial variability of the spread rate and mortality of COVID-19 at the global scale. We performed partial correlation analysis and linear mixed effect modelling to evaluate the association of the spread rate and motility of COVID-19 with maximum, minimum, average temperatures and temperature extreme (difference between maximum and minimum temperature) and other environmental and socioeconomic parameters. After controlling the effect of the duration after the first positive case, partial correlation analysis revealed that temperature was not related with the spatial variability of the spread rate of COVID-19. Mortality was negatively related with temperature in the countries with high-income economies. In contrast, temperature extreme was significantly and positively correlated with mortality in the low-and middle-income countries. Taking the country heterogeneity into account, mixed effect modelling revealed that inclusion of temperature as a fixed effect in the model significantly improved model skill predicting mortality in the low-and middle-income countries. Our analysis suggest that warm climate may reduce the mortality rate in high-income economies but in low and middle-income countries temperature extreme may increase the mortality risk.

scholarly journals Multiomics Characterization of Preterm Birth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. e2029655
Author(s):  
Fyezah Jehan ◽  
Sunil Sazawal ◽  
Abdullah H. Baqui ◽  
Muhammad Imran Nisar ◽  
Usha Dhingra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Inequalities in Antenatal Care Coverage and Quality: an Analysis From 63 Low and Middle-income Countries Using the ANCq Content-qualified Coverage Indicator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Arroyave ◽  
Ghada E Saad ◽  
Cesar G Victora ◽  
Aluisio J D Barros
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an essential intervention associated with a reduction of maternal and new-born morbidity and mortality. However, evidence suggested substantial inequalities in maternal and child health, mainly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to conduct a global analysis of socioeconomic inequalities in ANC using national surveys from LMICs.Methods: ANC was measured using the ANCq, a novel content-qualified ANC coverage indicator, created and validated using national surveys, based upon contact with the health services and content of care received. We performed stratified analysis to explore the socioeconomic inequalities in ANCq. We also estimated the slope index of inequality, which measures the difference in coverage along the wealth spectrum. Results: We analyzed 63 national surveys carried out from 2010 to 2017. There were large inequalities between and within countries. Higher ANCq scores were observed among women living in urban areas, with secondary or more level of education, belonging to wealthier families and with higher empowerment in nearly all countries. Countries with higher ANCq mean presented lower inequalities; while countries with average ANCq scores presented wide range of inequality, with some managing to achieve very low inequality.Conclusions: Despite all efforts in ANC programs, important inequalities in coverage and quality of ANC services persist. If maternal and child mortality Sustainable Development Goals are to be achieved, those gaps we documented must be bridged.

scholarly journals Studies of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Analysis of Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bach Xuan Tran ◽  
Giang Hai Ha ◽  
Long Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Hai Thanh Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

AbstractAn exponential growth of literature about novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been observed in the last few months. This textual analysis of 5,780 publications extracted from the Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases was performed to explore the current research focuses and propose further research agenda. The Latent Dirichlet allocation was used for topic modeling. Regression analysis was conducted to examine country variations in the research focuses. Results indicated that publications were mainly contributed by the United States, China, and European countries. Guidelines for emergency care and surgical, viral pathogenesis, and global responses in the COVID-19 pandemic were the most common topics. There was variation in the research approaches to mitigate COVID-19 problems in countries with different income and transmission levels. Findings highlighted the need for global research collaboration among high- and low/middle-income countries in the different stages of prevention and control the pandemic.

scholarly journals Interventions to improve birth outcomes of pregnant women living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Jay J. H. Park ◽  
Ofir Harari ◽  
Ellie Siden ◽  
Michael Zoratti ◽  
Louis Dron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Background: Improving the health of pregnant women is important to prevent adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birthweight. We evaluated the comparative effectiveness of interventions under the domains of micronutrient, balanced energy protein, deworming, maternal education, and water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for their effects on these adverse birth outcomes. Methods: For this network meta-analysis, we searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of interventions provided to pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We searched for reports published until September 17, 2019 and hand-searched bibliographies of existing reviews. We extracted data from eligible studies for study characteristics, interventions, participants’ characteristics at baseline, and birth outcomes. We compared effects on preterm birth (<37 gestational week), low birthweight (LBW; <2500 g), and birthweight (continuous) using studies conducted in LMICs. Results: Our network meta-analyses were based on 101 RCTs (132 papers) pertaining to 206,531 participants. Several micronutrients and balanced energy food supplement interventions demonstrated effectiveness over standard-of-care. For instance, versus standard-of-care, micronutrient supplements for pregnant women, such as iron and calcium, decreased risks of preterm birth (iron: RR=0.70, 95% credible interval [Crl] 0.47, 1.01; calcium: RR=0.76, 95%Crl 0.56, 0.99). Daily intake of 1500kcal of local food decreased the risks of preterm birth (RR=0.36, 95%Crl 0.16, 0.77) and LBW (RR=0.17, 95%Crl 0.09, 0.29), respectively when compared to standard-of-care. Educational and deworming interventions did not show improvements in birth outcomes, and no WASH intervention trials reported on these adverse birth outcomes. Conclusion: We found several pregnancy interventions that improve birth outcomes. However, most clinical trials have only evaluated interventions under a single domain (e.g. micronutrients) even though the causes of adverse birth outcomes are multi-faceted. There is a need to combine interventions that of different domains as packages and test for their effectiveness. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018110446; registered on 17 October 2018.

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