Application of enteric viruses for fecal pollution source tracking in environmental waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Wong ◽  
Theng-Theng Fong ◽  
Kyle Bibby ◽  
Marirosa Molina
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Environmental Waters

Fecal pollution source tracking in waters intended for human supply based on archaeal and bacterial genetic markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayo Bianco ◽  
Camila Barreto ◽  
Samara Sant'Anna Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo Henriques Pinto ◽  
Rodolpho Mattos Albano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tropical Water ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Bacterial Genetic

The determination of fecal pollution sources in aquatic ecosystems is essential to estimate associated health risks. In this study, we evaluate eight microbial source tracking (MST) markers including host-specific Bacteroidales and Methanobrevibacter spp. for discrimination between human, bovine, equine, and swine fecal contamination in waters intended for human supply. Overall, the novel host-specific archaeal and bacterial primers proposed in this study demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. Markers for the Archaea domain were more prevalent in the fecal and water samples studied. We conclude that the investigations regarding the sources of fecal pollution in public water supplies can contribute to improve the quality of human health. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis using both archaeal and bacterial fecal MST markers on tropical water bodies of Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Enterococcus-infecting phages as indices of fecal pollution

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez ◽  
Patricia Marcos ◽  
Silvia Monteiro ◽  
Miguel Urdaneta ◽  
Ricardo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Animal Feces

No microbial source tracking tool satisfies all the characteristics of an ideal indicator of human fecal pollution. For this reason, the potential of Enterococcus faecalis phages (enterophages) as markers of this type of contamination was tested by using eight Enterococcus type strains as the possible hosts. The prevalence of enterophages in animal feces and domestic sewage were determined, as were the inactivation rates in raw sewage at 4 °C and surface and tap waters at 22 °C. Enterophages were exclusively detected in raw sewage (up to 66.0 plaque forming units (PFU)/100 mL), suggesting a strictly human origin; and exhibited inactivation rates of approximately 0.002 to 0.05, 0.3 to 0.5 and 0.4 to 1.4 log day−1 in raw sewage and surface and tap waters, respectively, similar to those of previous reports on human enteric viruses under similar conditions. Interestingly, phages infecting other Enterococcus type strains were detected in both animal feces and domestic sewage in concentrations of up to 335.8 PFU/g and 96.0 PFU/100 mL, and certain phage isolates infected several of the strains tested. This clearly indicates the possible promiscuous nature of some Enterococcus phages and thus opens up the opportunity to further characterize these as indices of specific fecal sources.

scholarly journals Distributions of Fecal Markers in Wastewater from Different Climatic Zones for Human Fecal Pollution Tracking in Australian Surface Waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1316-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ahmed ◽  
J. P. S. Sidhu ◽  
K. Smith ◽  
D. J. Beale ◽  
P. Gyawali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Viral Marker ◽  
Fecal Markers

ABSTRACTRecreational and potable water supplies polluted with human wastewater can pose a direct health risk to humans. Therefore, sensitive detection of human fecal pollution in environmental waters is very important to water quality authorities around the globe. Microbial source tracking (MST) utilizes human fecal markers (HFMs) to detect human wastewater pollution in environmental waters. The concentrations of these markers in raw wastewater are considered important because it is likely that a marker whose concentration is high in wastewater will be more frequently detected in polluted waters. In this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were used to determine the concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB)Escherichia coliandEnterococcusspp., HFMsBacteroidesHF183, human adenoviruses (HAdVs), and polyomaviruses (HPyVs) in raw municipal wastewater influent from various climatic zones in Australia.E. colimean concentrations in pooled human wastewater data sets (from various climatic zones) were the highest (3.2 × 106gene copies per ml), followed by those of HF183 (8.0 × 105gene copies per ml) andEnterococcusspp. (3.6 × 105gene copies per ml). HAdV and HPyV concentrations were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than those of FIB and HF183. Strong positive and negative correlations were observed between the FIB and HFM concentrations within and across wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To identify the most sensitive marker of human fecal pollution, environmental water samples were seeded with raw human wastewater. The results from the seeding experiments indicated thatBacteroidesHF183 was more sensitive for detecting human fecal pollution than HAdVs and HPyVs. Since the HF183 marker can occasionally be present in nontarget animal fecal samples, it is recommended that HF183 along with a viral marker (HAdVs or HPyVs) be used for tracking human fecal pollution in Australian environmental waters.

scholarly journals Cross-Comparison of Human Wastewater-Associated Molecular Markers in Relation to Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Enteric Viruses in Recreational Beach Waters

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hughes ◽  
D. J. Beale ◽  
P. G. Dennis ◽  
S. Cook ◽  
W. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beach Water

ABSTRACT Detection of human wastewater contamination in recreational waters is of critical importance to regulators due to the risks posed to public health. To identify such risks, human wastewater-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers have been developed. At present, however, a greater understanding of the suitability of these markers for the detection of diluted human wastewater in environmental waters is necessary to predict risk. Here, we compared the process limit of detection (PLOD) and process limit of quantification (PLOQ) of six human wastewater-associated MST markers (Bacteroides HF183 [HF183], Escherichia coli H8 [EC H8], Methanobrevibacter smithii nifH, human adenovirus [HAdV], human polyomavirus [HPyV], and pepper mild mottle virus [PMMoV]) in relation to a fecal indicator bacterium (FIB), Enterococcus sp. 23S rRNA (ENT 23S), and three enteric viruses (human adenovirus serotypes 40/41 [HAdV 40/41], human norovirus [HNoV], and human enterovirus [EV]) in beach water samples seeded with raw and secondary-treated wastewater. Among the six MST markers tested, HF183 was the most sensitive measure of human fecal pollution and was quantifiable up to dilutions of 10−6 and 10−4 for beach water samples seeded with raw and secondary-treated wastewater, respectively. Other markers and enteric viruses were detected at various dilutions (10−1 to 10−5). These MST markers, FIB, and enteric viruses were then quantified in beach water (n = 12) and sand samples (n = 12) from South East Queensland (SEQ), Australia, to estimate the levels of human fecal pollution. Of the 12 sites examined, beach water and sand samples from several sites had quantifiable concentrations of HF183 and PMMoV markers. Overall, our results indicate that while HF183 is the most sensitive measure of human fecal pollution, it should be used in conjunction with a conferring viral marker to avoid overestimating the risk of gastrointestinal illness. IMPORTANCE MST is an effective tool to help utilities and regulators improve recreational water quality around the globe. Human fecal pollution poses significant public health risks compared to animal fecal pollution. Several human wastewater-associated markers have been developed and used for MST field studies. However, a head-to-head comparison in terms of their performance to detect diluted human fecal pollution in recreational water is lacking. In this study, we cross-compared the performance of six human wastewater-associated markers in relation to FIB and enteric viruses in beach water samples seeded with raw and secondary-treated wastewater. The results of this study will provide guidance to regulators and utilities on the appropriate application of MST markers for tracking the sources of human fecal pollution in environmental waters and confer human health risks.

Detection of Human Enteric Viruses in French Polynesian Wastewaters, Environmental Waters and Giant Clams

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Kaas ◽  
Leslie Ogorzaly ◽  
Gaël Lecellier ◽  
Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier ◽  
Henry-Michel Cauchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Giant Clams ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document