Operating conditions to maximize clean liquid fuels yield by oligomerization of 1-butene on HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 118317
Author(s):  
Marta Díaz ◽  
Eva Epelde ◽  
Zuria Tabernilla ◽  
Ainara Ateka ◽  
Andrés T. Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Liquid Fuels

scholarly journals Extractive Deep Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels Using Lewis-Based Ionic Liquids

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil A. Dharaskar ◽  
Kailas L. Wasewar ◽  
Mahesh N. Varma ◽  
Diwakar Z. Shende
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Model Liquid ◽  
New Class ◽  
Deep Desulfurization ◽  
Desulfurization Efficiency

A new class of green solvents, known as ionic liquids (ILs), has recently been the subject of intensive research on the extractive desulfurization of liquid fuels because of the limitation of traditional hydrodesulfurization method. In present work, eleven Lewis acid ionic liquids were synthesized and employed as promising extractants for deep desulfurization of the liquid fuel containing dibenzothiophene (DBT) to test the desulfurization efficiency. [Bmim]Cl/FeCl3was the most promising ionic liquid and performed the best among studied ionic liquids under the same operating conditions. It can remove dibenzothiophene from the model liquid fuel in the single-stage extraction process with the maximum desulfurization efficiency of 75.6%. It was also found that [Bmim]Cl/FeCl3may be reused without regeneration with considerable extraction efficiency of 47.3%. Huge saving on energy can be achieved if we make use of this ionic liquids behavior in process design, instead of regenerating ionic liquids after every time of extraction.

Introduction of the Taurus™ 65 Industrial Gas Turbine for Power Generation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rocha ◽  
Simon Reynolds ◽  
Theresa Brown
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Product Experience ◽  
Exhaust Heat

Solar Turbines Incorporated has combined proven technology and product experience to develop the new Taurus 65 gas turbine for industrial power generation applications. The single-shaft engine is designed to produce 6.3 megawatts of electrical power with a 33% thermal efficiency at ISO operating conditions. Selection of the final engine operating cycle was based on extensive aerodynamic-cycle studies to achieve optimum output performance with increased exhaust heat capacity for combined heat and power installations. The basic engine configuration features an enhanced version of the robust Centaur®50 air compressor coupled to a newly designed three-stage turbine similar to the Taurus 70 turbine design. Advanced cooling technology and materials are used in the dry, lean-premix annular combustor, consistent with Solar’s proven SoLoNOx™ combustion technology, capable of reducing pollutant emissions while operating on standard natural gas or diesel liquid fuels. Like the Titan™ 130 and Taurus 70 products, a traditional design philosophy has been applied in development of the Taurus 65 gas turbine by utilizing existing components, common technology and product experience to minimize risk, lower cost and maximize durability. A comprehensive factory test plan and extended field evaluation program was used to validate the design integrity and demonstrate product durability prior to full market introduction.

Novel process and catalytic materials for converting CO2 and H2 containing mixtures to liquid fuels and chemicals

2015 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Meiri ◽  
Yakov Dinburg ◽  
Meital Amoyal ◽  
Viatcheslav Koukouliev ◽  
Roxana Vidruk Nehemya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reactor System ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Carbide Phases ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Higher Hydrocarbons

Carbon dioxide and water are renewable and the most abundant feedstocks for the production of chemicals and fungible fuels. However, the current technologies for production of hydrogen from water are not competitive. Therefore, reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen is not economically viable in the near future. Other alternatives include natural gas, biogas or biomass for the production of carbon dioxide, hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixtures that react to yield chemicals and fungible fuels. The latter process requires a high performance catalyst that enhances the reverse water-gas-shift (RWGS) reaction and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) to higher hydrocarbons combined with an optimal reactor system. Important aspects of a novel catalyst, based on a Fe spinel and three-reactor system developed for this purpose published in our recent paper and patent, were investigated in this study. Potassium was found to be a key promoter that improves the reaction rates of the RWGS and FTS and increases the selectivity of higher hydrocarbons while producing mostly olefins. It changed the texture of the catalyst, stabilized the Fe–Al–O spinel, thus preventing decomposition into Fe3O4 and Al2O3. Potassium also increased the content of Fe5C2 while shifting Fe in the oxide and carbide phases to a more reduced state. In addition, it increased the relative exposure of carbide iron on the catalysts surface, the CO2 adsorption and the adsorption strength. A detailed kinetic model of the RWGS, FTS and methanation reactions was developed for the Fe spinel catalyst based on extensive experimental data measured over a range of operating conditions. Significant oligomerization activity of the catalyst was found. Testing the pelletized catalyst with CO2, CO and H2 mixtures over a range of operating conditions demonstrated its high productivity to higher hydrocarbons. The composition of the liquid (C5+) was found to be a function of the potassium content and the composition of the feedstock.

Catalytic Oligomerization of Isobutyl Alcohol to Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuels over Acidic Zeolite Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Guo ◽  
Lisheng Guo ◽  
Yuichi Suzuki ◽  
Jinhu Wu ◽  
Yoshiharu Yoneyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Hydrocarbon Liquid

Turbine Deposition Evaluations Using Simplified Tests

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Wenglarz ◽  
A. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Data Extrapolation ◽  
Turbine Airfoils ◽  
Current Turbine ◽  
Cylindrical Test

Relatively simple and inexpensive tests (compared to cascade and turbine tests) have been utilized in deposition evaluations for alternate ash-bearing turbine fuels. These tests use simple cylindrical specimen geometries and test equipment which have adequately simulated turbine corrosion environments in the past. However, deposition rates on a cylindrical test specimen are not the same as deposition rates for turbine airfoils due to geometry differences. An approach is here described for extrapolating measured deposit buildup rates on cylindrical test specimens to project deposit buildup rates on turbine airfoils and turbine maintenance intervals for deposit removal. Deposition environments are identified for which the data extrapolation approach applies. This approach has provided reasonable deposition assessments for turbine operation with residual oil and coal-derived liquid fuels. Using data from residual oil tests representing current turbine operating conditions, maintenance intervals to remove deposits have been predicted which are in agreement with field experience.

CFD Analysis of Turbec T100 Combustor at Part Load by Varying Fuels

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaela Calabria ◽  
Fabio Chiariello ◽  
Patrizio Massoli ◽  
Fabrizio Reale
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Wide Range

In recent years an increasing interest is focused on the study of micro gas turbines (MGT) behavior at part load by varying fuel, in order to determine their versatility. The interest in using MGT is related to the possibility of feeding with a wide range of fuels and to realize efficient cogenerative cycles by recovering heat from exhaust gases at higher temperatures. In this context, the studies on micro gas turbines are focused on the analysis of the machine versatility and flexibility, when operating conditions and fuels are significantly varied. In line of principle, in case of gaseous fuels with similar Wobbe Index no modifications to the combustion chamber should be required. The adoption of fuels whose properties differ greatly from those of design can require relevant modifications of the combustor, besides the proper adaptation of the feeding system. Thus, at low loads or low calorific value fuels, the combustor becomes a critical component of the entire MGT, as regards stability and emissions of the combustion process. Focus of the paper is a 3D CFD analysis of the combustor behavior of a Turbec T100P fueled at different loads and fuels. Differences between combustors designed for natural gas and liquid fuels are also highlighted. In case of natural gas, inlet combustor temperature and pressure were taken from experimental data; in case of different fuels, such data were inferred by using a thermodynamic model which takes into account rotating components behavior through operating maps of compressor and turbine. Specific aim of the work is to underline potentialities and critical issues of the combustor under study in case of adoption of fuels far from the design one and to suggest possible solutions.

Influence of Injection Parameters and Operating Conditions on Ignition and Combustion in Dual-Fuel Engines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Grochowina ◽  
Michael Schiffner ◽  
Simon Tartsch ◽  
Thomas Sattelmayer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Pilot Fuel ◽  
Ignition And Combustion

Dual-Fuel (DF) engines offer great fuel flexibility since they can either run on gaseous or liquid fuels. In the case of Diesel pilot ignited DF-engines the main source of energy is provided by gaseous fuel, whereas the Diesel fuel acts only as an ignition source. Therefore, a proper autoignition of the pilot fuel is of utmost importance for combustion in DF-engines. However, autoignition of the pilot fuel suffers from lower compression temperatures of Miller or Atkinson valve timings. These valve timings are applied to increase efficiency and lower nitrogen oxide engine emissions. In order to improve the ignition, it is necessary to understand which parameters influence the ignition in DF-engines. For this purpose, experiments were conducted and the influence of parameters such as injection pressure, pilot fuel quantity, compression temperature and air-fuel equivalence ratio of the homogenous natural gas-air mixture were investigated. The experiments were performed on a periodically chargeable combustion cell using optical high-speed recordings and thermodynamic measurement techniques for pressure and temperature. The study reveals that the quality of the Diesel pilot ignition in terms of short ignition delay and a high number of ignited sprays significantly depends on the injection parameters and operating conditions. In most cases, the pilot fuel suffers from too high dilution due to its small quantity and long ignition delays. This results in a small number of ignited sprays and consequently leads to longer combustion durations. Furthermore, the experiments confirm that the natural gas of the background mixture influences the autoignition of the Diesel pilot oil.

Hydrocarbon Fuel Cooling Technologies for Advanced Propulsion

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Sobel ◽  
L. J. Spadaccini
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Tube Reactor

Storable hydrocarbon fuels that undergo endothermic reaction provide an attractive heat sink for future high-speed aircraft. An investigation was conducted to explore the endothermic potential of practical fuels, with inexpensive and readily available catalysts, under operating conditions simulative of high-speed flight applications. High heat sink capacities and desirable reaction products have been demonstrated for n-heptane and Norpar 12 fuels using zeolite catalysts in coated-tube reactor configurations. The effects of fuel composition and operating condition on extent of fuel conversion, product composition, and the corresponding endotherm have been examined. The results obtained in this study provide a basis for catalytic-reactor/heat-exchanger design and analysis.

scholarly journals Materials Challenges in Advanced Coal Conversion Technologies

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Powell ◽  
Bryan D. Morreale
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Coal Conversion ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Conversion Technologies

AbstractCoal is a critical component in the international energy portfolio, used extensively for electricity generation. Coal is also readily converted to liquid fuels and/or hydrogen for the transportation industry. However, energy extracted from coal comes at a large environmental price: coal combustion can produce large quantities of ash and CO2, as well as other pollutants. Advanced technologies can increase the efficiencies and decrease the emissions associated with burning coal and provide an opportunity for CO2 capture and sequestration. However, these advanced technologies increase the severity of plant operating conditions and thus require improved materials that can stand up to the harsh operating environments. The materials challenges offered by advanced coal conversion technologies must be solved in order to make burning coal an economically and environmentally sound choice for producing energy.

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