scholarly journals Materials Challenges in Advanced Coal Conversion Technologies

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Powell ◽  
Bryan D. Morreale
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Coal Conversion ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Conversion Technologies

AbstractCoal is a critical component in the international energy portfolio, used extensively for electricity generation. Coal is also readily converted to liquid fuels and/or hydrogen for the transportation industry. However, energy extracted from coal comes at a large environmental price: coal combustion can produce large quantities of ash and CO2, as well as other pollutants. Advanced technologies can increase the efficiencies and decrease the emissions associated with burning coal and provide an opportunity for CO2 capture and sequestration. However, these advanced technologies increase the severity of plant operating conditions and thus require improved materials that can stand up to the harsh operating environments. The materials challenges offered by advanced coal conversion technologies must be solved in order to make burning coal an economically and environmentally sound choice for producing energy.

Engine Fuels From Biomass

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Coal Conversion ◽  
Direct Liquefaction

Sources of biomass fuels for engines are compared to other synfuels. Biomass can be converted to gaseous and liquid engine fuels by the same processes utilized for coal conversion such as gasification, direct liquefaction, and indirect liquefaction. Alternatively, biomass can be converted into liquid fuels by fermentation to methane or ethanol. The quantities of biomass-derived engine fuels potentially available in the next decade are relatively small, and the anticipated costs are significantly greater than for liquid engine fuels made from coal or oil shale.

Effects of the Rolling Directions on Wear of the Aluminum Alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Yuh Ping Chang ◽  
Li Ming Chu ◽  
Chien Te Liu ◽  
Jin Chi Wang ◽  
Gao Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Crystal Phase ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Crystal Grains

Due to the booming development of the automation industry and the transportation industry, the mechanical components are prone to wear under long-term operating conditions. To improve the wear resistance, effects of the rolling directions on wear of the aluminum alloys are studied. An optical microscope is used to analyze the crystal phase, and the correlation between the crystal grains and the rolling direction is studied. This study can therefore establish a key technology for improving the wear resistance of aluminum alloys.

Performance Analysis of a Biomass Gasifier Genset at Varying Operating Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D Palmer ◽  
Mark A Severy ◽  
Charles E Chamberlin ◽  
Anthony J. Eggink ◽  
Arne E Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Abstract. An All Power Labs PP20 gasifier generation set (Berkeley, Calif.) was tested to evaluate its suitability for powering biomass conversion technologies (BCT) at remote forest operations sites. Feedstock of the species tanoak (), coast redwood (), and Douglas fir () were tested at moisture contents of 15% and 25% (wet basis). The PP20 was connected to a load bank with five different load profiles designed to simulate possible BCT loads. Two parameters of power quality, voltage variability, and frequency deviation, were determined to be within acceptable limits. The unit also successfully powered a remote biochar operation in Branscomb, California. Emissions of the PP20, when compared to diesel generator regulations, would meet non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and NOX requirements but exceed the CO emissions limits by a factor of ten. The CO emissions could be reduced by adding a catalytic converter. The results indicate that it is possible to use a PP20 unit to provide electric power for the highly variable loads of a BCT system. Keywords: Bioenergy, Biomass conversion technology, Gasification, Renewable energy.

scholarly journals Extractive Deep Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels Using Lewis-Based Ionic Liquids

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil A. Dharaskar ◽  
Kailas L. Wasewar ◽  
Mahesh N. Varma ◽  
Diwakar Z. Shende
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Model Liquid ◽  
New Class ◽  
Deep Desulfurization ◽  
Desulfurization Efficiency

A new class of green solvents, known as ionic liquids (ILs), has recently been the subject of intensive research on the extractive desulfurization of liquid fuels because of the limitation of traditional hydrodesulfurization method. In present work, eleven Lewis acid ionic liquids were synthesized and employed as promising extractants for deep desulfurization of the liquid fuel containing dibenzothiophene (DBT) to test the desulfurization efficiency. [Bmim]Cl/FeCl3was the most promising ionic liquid and performed the best among studied ionic liquids under the same operating conditions. It can remove dibenzothiophene from the model liquid fuel in the single-stage extraction process with the maximum desulfurization efficiency of 75.6%. It was also found that [Bmim]Cl/FeCl3may be reused without regeneration with considerable extraction efficiency of 47.3%. Huge saving on energy can be achieved if we make use of this ionic liquids behavior in process design, instead of regenerating ionic liquids after every time of extraction.

Combined Statistical-Mechanical Characterization of a Next Generation Textured PTFE for Extreme Environments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sannmit Shinde ◽  
Ali P. Gordon ◽  
Zachary Poust ◽  
Steve Pitolaj ◽  
Jim Drago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Ceramic Particle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
Statistical Mechanical ◽  
Relaxation Responses

Pressurized vessels that transfer media from one location to another often contain a bolted connection. Gaskets are essential for these systems since they confer high levels of leak mitigation across of range of operating environments (i.e., internal pressure and temperature). The balance of both sealability and compressibility must be displayed in candidate gasket materials to be subjected to aggressive operating conditions. Historically, thin gauge gasket (i.e., 1/16” thick) confer high sealability while thick gaskets offer superior compressibility (i.e., 1/8”). Fabricated with skive cut, ceramic particle-reinforced PTFE, these materials display linear viscoelastic behavior that allow consolidation to occur. For example, GYLON® 3504 is filled with Aluminosilicate Microspheres, GYLON®3510 is filled with barium sulfate, respectively, to efficiently fill crevices along the surfaces of the flange. Novel textured PTFE gasket (3504 EPX and 3510 EPX) have been developed to simultaneously confer sealability and compressibility compared to flat products. A design of experiments (DoE) approach is applied to characterize the factors that influence load relaxation responses of the both candidate textured PTFE (dual-face honeycomb) and existing (flat) gasket styles. Using an instrumented test platform analyzed. A new parameter is presented to quantify gasket efficiency. The collection of efficiency measurement methods and approach to re-torque optimization convey a novel framework that designers can invoke to facilitate improved flange performance.

Introduction of the Taurus™ 65 Industrial Gas Turbine for Power Generation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rocha ◽  
Simon Reynolds ◽  
Theresa Brown
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Product Experience ◽  
Exhaust Heat

Solar Turbines Incorporated has combined proven technology and product experience to develop the new Taurus 65 gas turbine for industrial power generation applications. The single-shaft engine is designed to produce 6.3 megawatts of electrical power with a 33% thermal efficiency at ISO operating conditions. Selection of the final engine operating cycle was based on extensive aerodynamic-cycle studies to achieve optimum output performance with increased exhaust heat capacity for combined heat and power installations. The basic engine configuration features an enhanced version of the robust Centaur®50 air compressor coupled to a newly designed three-stage turbine similar to the Taurus 70 turbine design. Advanced cooling technology and materials are used in the dry, lean-premix annular combustor, consistent with Solar’s proven SoLoNOx™ combustion technology, capable of reducing pollutant emissions while operating on standard natural gas or diesel liquid fuels. Like the Titan™ 130 and Taurus 70 products, a traditional design philosophy has been applied in development of the Taurus 65 gas turbine by utilizing existing components, common technology and product experience to minimize risk, lower cost and maximize durability. A comprehensive factory test plan and extended field evaluation program was used to validate the design integrity and demonstrate product durability prior to full market introduction.

Coupling of Rotor-Gear-Casing Vibrations During Extreme Operating Events

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Choy ◽  
J. Padovan ◽  
Y. F. Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Element Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transient Vibration ◽  
Rotor Systems ◽  
Power Plant Equipment ◽  
Modal Synthesis ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Rotor Bearing ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Plant Equipment

During extreme operating environments (i.e., seismic events, base motion-induced vibrations, etc.), the coupled vibrations developed between the rotors, bearings, gears and enclosing structure of gear-driven rotating equipment can be quite substantial. Generally, such large vibrational amplitudes may lead to failures in both the rotor-gearing system and/or the casing structure. This paper simulates the dynamic behavior of rotor-bearing-gear system resulting from motion of the enclosed structure. The modal synthesis approach is used in this study to synthesize the dynamics of the rotor systems with the vibrations of their casing structure in modal coordinates. Modal characteristics of the rotor-bearing-gear systems are evaluated using the matrix transfer technique, while the modal parameters for the casing structure are developed through a finite element model using NASTRAN. The modal accelerations calculated are integrated through a numerical algorithm to generate modal transient vibration analysis. Vibration results are examined in both time and frequency domains to develop representations for the coupled dynamics generated during extreme operating conditions. Typical three-rotor bull gear-driven power plant equipment (compressors, pumps, etc.) is used as an example to demonstrate the procedure developed.

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