Implication of excess iodine intake in Graves-Basedow-disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-275
Author(s):  
Soralla Civantos ◽  
Emilia Cancer ◽  
Juan José Gorgojo ◽  
Gloria Cánovas ◽  
Azucena Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Excess Iodine

scholarly journals Iodine, Seaweed, and the Thyroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Peter P.A. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Cancer Prevalence ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
A Minor

<b><i>Backgound:</i></b> Even a minor iodine deficiency can result in adverse thyroidal health consequences while excess iodine intake can also result in thyroid function disorders. One source of iodine is seaweed which as a foodstuff is enjoying an increasing profile in Western countries. Apart from its potential involvement in thyroidal health, gaseous iodine released from seaweeds plays a significant role in influencing coastal climate through cloud formation. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Sources of dietary iodine, its assessment, recommended dietary intake, and consequences of iodine excess are outlined. The benefits and possible dangers of dietary intake of iodine-rich seaweed are described. Studies linking seaweed intake to breast cancer prevalence are discussed as is the role of gaseous iodine released from seaweeds influencing weather patterns and contributing to iodine intake in coastal populations. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Universal salt iodization remains the optimum method of achieving optimum iodine status. Promoting increased dietary iodine intake is recommended in young women, in early pregnancy, and in vegan and vegetarian diets. Even where iodine intake is enhanced, regular assessment of iodine status is necessary. Caution against consumption of brown seaweeds (kelps) is required as even small amounts can have antithyroid actions while product labelling may be insufficient. Gaseous iodine produced from seaweeds can have a significant effect on cloud formation and associated global warming/cooling. Increased overall iodine deposition through rainfall and apparent uptake in populations dwelling in seaweed-rich coastal regions may provide a partial natural remedy to global iodine deficits.

scholarly journals Iodine Biofortification of Vegetables Could Improve Iodine Supplementation Status

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Eva Duborská ◽  
Martin Urík ◽  
Martin Šeda
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
The Subject

Iodine is an essential trace element for both humans and animals. It is essential to produce important hormones by the thyroid gland. In most inland areas, the soils are iodine deficient and its amount is insufficient to produce agricultural crops with adequate iodine content to cover the recommended daily intake. In connection with the occurrence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), it has been the subject of intensive research in the past. However, following the introduction of iodized table salt in the food industry, problems related to IDD were not solved and studies on iodine mobility and bioavailability from soils are rare even today and have remained insufficiently investigated. In many countries, mainly in Europe, the prescription rate of medicaments used to treat goiter is still high. Thus, there are a considerable amount of studies looking for alternative methods for iodine supplementation in foodstuffs among the use of iodized table salt. In most cases, the subject of these studies are agricultural crops. This mini review presents the consequences of inadequate and excess iodine intake, the current status of iodine supplementation and the most recent alternative methods of the application of iodine in agriculture and its effect on the quality of used plant species.

scholarly journals Risks of excess iodine intake in Ghana: current situation, challenges, and lessons for the future

2018 ◽  
Vol 1446 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda A.Z. Abu ◽  
Wilna Oldewage‐Theron ◽  
Richmond N.O. Aryeetey
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
The Future

Excess Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function and Growth

Thyroid ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORLO H. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Excess Iodine

scholarly journals Minimal impact of excess iodate intake on thyroid hormones and selenium status in older New Zealanders

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D Thomson ◽  
Jennifer M Campbell ◽  
Jody Miller ◽  
Sheila A Skeaff
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Excess Iodine

ObjectiveIodine deficiency has re-emerged in New Zealand, while selenium status has improved. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of excess iodine intake as iodate on thyroid and selenium status.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial on older people (mean±s.d. 73±4.8 years;n=143), two groups received >50 mg iodine as iodate/day for 8 weeks because of supplement formulation error, either with 100 μg selenium (Se+highI) or without selenium (highI). Four other groups received 80 μg iodine as iodate/day with selenium (Se+lowI) or without selenium (lowI), selenium alone (Se+), or placebo. Thyroid hormones, selenium status, and median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) were compared at weeks 0, 8, and 4 weeks post-supplementation.ResultsMUIC increased nine- and six-fold in Se+highI and highI groups, decreasing to baseline by week 12. Plasma selenium increased in selenium-supplemented groups (P<0.001). The level of increase in whole blood glutathione peroxidase (WBGPx) in the Se+highI group was smaller than Se+ (P=0.020) and Se+lowI (P=0.007) groups. The decrease in WBGPX in the highI group was greater than other non-selenium-supplemented groups, but differences were not significant. Ten of 43 participants exposed to excess iodate showed elevated TSH (hypothyroidism) at week 8. In all but two, TSH had returned to normal by week 12. In three participants, TSH decreased to <0.10 mIU/l (hyperthyroidism) at week 8, remaining low at week 12.ConclusionsExcess iodate induced hypothyroidism in some participants and hyperthyroidism in others. Most abnormalities disappeared after 4 weeks. Excess iodate reduced WBGPx activity and resulted in smaller increases in WBGPx after selenium supplementation.

Disorders of iodine excess

2011 ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
Shigenobu Nagataki ◽  
Misa Imaizumi ◽  
Noboru Takamura
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function

Iodine is an essential substrate for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormone because both thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) contain iodine. An adequate supply of dietary iodine is therefore necessary for the maintenance of normal thyroid function. Dietary iodine intake is increasing in many regions, especially in developed countries, mainly due to iodization of salt or bread, and it is well known that various drugs and foods contain large quantities of iodine (1), e.g. seaweeds, such as konbu (Laminaria japonica), contain 0.3% of iodine dry weight. Furthermore, large doses of iodine are used for prophylaxis against exposure to 131I. Excess iodine, as well as iodine deficiency, can induce thyroid dysfunction. The response of the thyroid gland to excess iodine and disorders due to excess iodine are the main subject of this chapter.

scholarly journals Effect of Excess Iodide Intake on Salivary Glands in a Swiss Albino Mice Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Romina Ross ◽  
Emanuel Fabersani ◽  
Matías Russo ◽  
Alba Gómez ◽  
Hugo Japaze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Excess Iodide

Iodine is an important micronutrient required for nutrition. Excess iodine has adverse effects on thyroid, but there is not enough information regarding its effect on salivary glands. In addition to food and iodized salt, skin disinfectants and maternal nutritional supplements contain iodide, so its intake could be excessive during pregnancy, lactation, and infancy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of excess iodide ingestion on salivary glands during mating, gestation, lactation, and postweaning period in mouse. During assay, mice were allocated into groups: control and treatment groups (received distilled water with NaI 1 mg/mL). Water intake, glandular weight, and histology were analyzed. Treatment groups showed an increase in glandular weight and a significantly (p < 0.05) higher water intake than control groups. Lymphocyte infiltration was observed in animals of treatment groups, while there was no infiltration in glandular sections of control groups. Results demonstrated that a negative relationship could exist between iodide excess and salivary glands. This work is novel evidence that high levels of iodide intake could induce mononuclear infiltration in salivary glands. These results should be considered, especially in pregnant/lactating women, to whom a higher iodine intake is usually recommended.

scholarly journals Factors associated with inadequate urinary iodine concentration among pregnant women in Mbeya region Tanzania.

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Tedson Lukindo ◽  
Ray Masumo ◽  
Adam Hancy ◽  
Sauli E. John ◽  
Heavenlight A. Paulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Recommended Level

Background: Deficient and excess iodine intake during pregnancy can lead to serious health problems. In Tanzania, information available on iodine status during pregnancy is minimal. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status and its association with sociodemographic factors in pregnant women in the Mbeya region, Tanzania. Method: A cross sectional survey involving 420 pregnant women (n=420) aged between 15-49 years registered in antenatal care clinics was conducted. Data were collected via interviews and laboratory analysis of urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Results: Median UIC was 279.4μg/L (+/-26.1) to 1915μg/L. Insufficient iodine intake (UIC below 150μg/L) was observed in 17.14% of participants, sufficient intake in 24.29% and 58.57% had intakes above the recommended level (>250μg/L). Rungwe district council (DC) had the highest proportion of patients (27.9%) with low iodine levels, while Chunya and Mbarali DCs had the greatest proportion of those with UIC’s, over the WHO recommended level. Fish consumption and education status were associated with increased risk of insufficient iodine while individuals in Mbalali DC aged between 35-49 years were associated with increased risk of UIC above recommended level. Conclusion: Both deficient and excess iodine intake remains a public health problem, especially in pregnant women in Tanzania. Therefore, educational programs on iodine intake are needed to ensure this population has an appropriate iodine intake to prevent any health risks to the mother and the unborn child.

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