High resolution synchrotron X-ray investigation of carbon dioxide evolution in operating direct methanol fuel cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1559-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Hartnig ◽  
Ingo Manke ◽  
Jana Schloesser ◽  
Philipp Krüger ◽  
Robert Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Evolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cells

Pt and Ru X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of PtRu Anode Catalysts in Operating Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (20) ◽  
pp. 9932-9938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Stoupin ◽  
Eun-Hyuk Chung ◽  
Soma Chattopadhyay ◽  
Carlo U. Segre ◽  
Eugene S. Smotkin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Anode Catalysts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Combined local current distribution measurements and high resolution neutron radiography of operating Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1606-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Schröder ◽  
Klaus Wippermann ◽  
Jürgen Mergel ◽  
Werner Lehnert ◽  
Detlef Stolten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Neutron Radiography ◽  
Local Current ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cells

Effect of Anode Flow Channel Design on the Carbon Dioxide Bubble Removal in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Osman ◽  
Shinichi Ookawara ◽  
Mahmoud Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Diffusion Layer ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Flow Channel ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cells

Abstract On the anode side of a direct methanol fuel cell, carbon dioxide bubbles are generated as a result of the methanol oxidation reaction. The accumulation of such bubbles prevents methanol from reaching the gas diffusion layer. Hence, a significant reduction in the reaction rate occurs, which limits the maximum current density of the cell. To keep carbon dioxide bubbles away from the gas diffusion layer interface, a new design of the anode flow channel besides wall surface treatment is developed. Such a design can introduce the Concus-Finn phenomena, which forces the carbon dioxide bubbles to move away from the gas diffusion layer due to capillary forces. This can be achieved by using a trapezoidal shape of the flow channel, as well as the combined effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface treatments on the gas-diffusion layer and channel walls. To identify the optimal design of the anode flow channel, a three-dimensional, two-phase flow model is developed. The model is numerically simulated and results are validated with available measurements. Results indicated that treating the gas-diffusion layer with a hydrophilic layer increases the area in direct contact with liquid methanol. Besides, the hydrophobic top channel surfaces make it easier for the carbon dioxide bubbles to attach and spread out on the channel top surface. The current findings create a promising opportunity to improve the performance of direct methanol fuel cells.

scholarly journals Organic-Inorganic Novel Green Cation Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4686
Author(s):  
Marwa H. Gouda ◽  
Tamer M. Tamer ◽  
Abdelaziz H. Konsowa ◽  
Hassan A. Farag ◽  
Mohamed S. Mohy Eldin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cells

Commercializing direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) demands cost-effective cation exchange membranes. Herein, a polymeric blend is prepared from low-cost and eco-friendly polymers (i.e., iota carrageenan (IC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)). Zirconium phosphate (ZrPO4) was prepared from the impregnation–calcination method and characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX map), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), then incorporated as a bonding and doping agent into the polymer blend with different concentrations. The new fabricated membranes were characterized by SEM, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and XRD. The results revealed that the membranes’ physicochemical properties (oxidative stability, tensile strength) are enhanced with increasing doping addition, and they realized higher results than Nafion 117 because of increasing numbers of hydrogen bonds fabricated between the polymers and zirconium phosphate. Additionally, the methanol permeability was decreased in the membranes with increasing zirconium phosphate content. The optimum membrane with IC/SPVA/ZrPO4-7.5 provided higher selectivity than Nafion 117. Therefore, it can be an effective cation exchange membrane for DMFCs applications.

Bimetallic PtRu Nanoparticles Supported on Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as High Performance Electrocatalyst for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

NANO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhui Tan ◽  
Juhui Sa ◽  
Feipeng Cai ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Gai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Multiwall Carbon ◽  
Ptru Nanoparticles

PtRu nanoparticles (NPs) supported on acid treated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Pt1Ru1/MWCNTs) were prepared by a modified polyol method without adding any other surfactant or protective agent. The structural and compositional properties of the as-obtained samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), CO stripping voltammetry and chronoamperometry, indicating a high catalytic activity, excellent CO tolerance and stability for methanol oxidation. Interestingly, a series of accurate controllable experiments have been designed to explore the enhancement mechanism of Pt1Ru1/MWCNTs for methanol oxidation reaction. Most importantly, Pt1Ru1/MWCNTs composites were used as an anode catalyst in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) exhibiting outstanding power density (126.1 mW/cm[Formula: see text] 1.7 times higher than that of the commercial catalyst of Pt1Ru1/C (74.1 mW/cm[Formula: see text] (E-TEK).

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