Shape and volume of internal anal sphincter showed by three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sboarina ◽  
A. Minicozzi ◽  
C. Segattini ◽  
F. Leopardi ◽  
F. Lombardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anorectal Ultrasonography

scholarly journals Rhythmic calcium transients in smooth muscle cells of the mouse internal anal sphincter

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Cobine ◽  
Karen I. Hannigan ◽  
Megan McMahon ◽  
Emer P. Ni Bhraonain ◽  
Salah A. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Calcium Transients

scholarly journals Topohistology of the Paravaginal Nerves and Fasciae with Special Reference to Nerves to the Internal Anal Sphincter

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Fumitake Hata ◽  
Takashi Arakawa ◽  
Kuniaki Okada ◽  
Hidefumi Nishimori ◽  
Shinichiro Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter

scholarly journals RhoA/ROCK pathway is the major molecular determinant of basal tone in intact human internal anal sphincter

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (7) ◽  
pp. G664-G675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Rattan ◽  
Jagmohan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Rock Inhibitor ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Motility Disorders ◽  
Basal Tone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rational Therapy

The knowledge of molecular control mechanisms underlying the basal tone in the intact human internal anal sphincter (IAS) is critical for the pathophysiology and rational therapy for a number of debilitating rectoanal motility disorders. We determined the role of RhoA/ROCK and PKC pathways by comparing the effects of ROCK- and PKC-selective inhibitors Y 27632 and Gö 6850 (10−8to 10−4M), respectively, on the basal tone in the IAS vs. the rectal smooth muscle (RSM). Western blot studies were performed to determine the levels of RhoA/ROCK II, PKC-α, MYPT1, CPI-17, and MLC20in the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms, in the IAS vs. RSM. Confocal microscopic studies validated the membrane distribution of ROCK II. Finally, to confirm a direct relationship, we examined the enzymatic activities and changes in the basal IAS tone and p-MYPT1, p-CPI-17, and p-MLC20, before and after Y 27632 and Gö 6850. Data show higher levels of RhoA/ROCK II and related downstream signal transduction proteins in the IAS vs. RSM. In addition, data show a significant correlation between the active RhoA/ROCK levels, ROCK enzymatic activity, downstream proteins, and basal IAS tone, before and after ROCK inhibitor. From these data we conclude 1) RhoA/ROCK and downstream signaling are constitutively active in the IAS, and this pathway (in contrast with PKC) is the critical determinant of the basal tone in intact human IAS; and 2) RhoA and ROCK are potential therapeutic targets for a number of rectoanal motility disorders for which currently there is no satisfactory treatment.

EUS-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection of the Internal Anal Sphincter in Anorectal Outlet Obstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1293-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind J Trindade ◽  
Robert Hirten ◽  
Ronald E Greenberg ◽  
Divyesh V Sejpal
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽  
Outlet Obstruction

scholarly journals Ultrastructural changes in internal anal sphincter in neurogenic faecal incontinence.

Gut ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1692-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Swash ◽  
A Gray ◽  
D Z Lubowski ◽  
R J Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Faecal Incontinence ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes
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