Episodic flooding and the cost of sea-level rise

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The Cost

Climate Change: What’s the Big Deal?

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Gilbert E. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Climate Damages

Droughts, floods, soaring temperatures, sea-level rise, and melting ice are just some of the damages brought about by climate change. Chapter 1 details the cost of our failure to cut our emissions, from crop-destroying droughts to devastating floods. It also documents the inexorable build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as demonstrated by the Keeling curve and observations from Antarctic ice core samples. The chapter then provides a brief history of the science linking the build-up of atmospheric greenhouse gases and climate damages.

scholarly journals Greenhouse effect and sea level rise: The cost of holding back the sea

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Titus ◽  
Richard A. Park ◽  
Stephen P. Leatherman ◽  
J. Richard Weggel ◽  
Michael S. Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Holding Back ◽  
And Sea Level

scholarly journals Sequestering seawater on land: a water-based solution to global issues

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Stéphane Boyer ◽  
Marie-Caroline Lefort
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
The Cost

The ‘surplus’ of oceanic water generated by climate change offers an unprecedented opportunity to tackle a number of global issues through a very pragmatic process: shifting the excess water from the oceans onto the land. Here we propose that sea-level rise could be mitigated through the desalination of very large amounts of seawater in an international network of massive desalination plants. To efficiently mitigate sea-level rise, desalinized water could be stored on land in the form of crop, wetlands or new forests. Based on a US$ 500 million price to build an individual mega desalination plant with current technology, the cost of controlling current sea-level rise through water desalination approaches US$ 23 trillion in investment and US$ 4 trillion per year in operating costs. However, the economic, environmental and health benefits would also be immense and could contribute to addressing a number of global issues including sea-level rise, food security, biodiversity loss and climate change. Because these issues are intimately intertwined, responses should aim at addressing them all concurrently and at global scale.

scholarly journals A National Study on Protecting Infrastructure and Public Buildings against Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Chinowsky ◽  
Jacob Helman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
National Study ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
The Cost

The national study analyzes sea level rise (SLR) impacts based on 36 different SLR and storm surge scenarios across 5.7 million geographic locations and 3 time periods. Taking an approach based on engineering design guidelines and current cost estimates, the study details projected cost impacts for states, counties, and cities. These impacts are presented from multiple perspectives including total cost, cost per-capita, and cost per-square mile. The purpose of the study is to identify specific locations where infrastructure is vulnerable to rising sea levels. The study finds that Sea Level Rise (SLR) and minimal storm surge is a $400 billion threat to the United States by 2040 that includes a need for at least 50,000 miles of protective barriers. The research is limited in its scope to protecting coastal infrastructure with sea walls. Additional methods exist and may be appropriate in individual situations. The study is original in that it is a national effort to identify infrastructure that is vulnerable as well as the cost associated with protecting this infrastructure.

scholarly journals Sequestering seawater on land: a water-based solution to global issues

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Stéphane Boyer ◽  
Marie-Caroline Lefort
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
The Cost

The ‘surplus’ of oceanic water generated by climate change offers an unprecedented opportunity to tackle a number of global issues through a very pragmatic process: shifting the excess water from the oceans onto the land. Here we propose that sea-level rise could be mitigated through the desalination of very large amounts of seawater in massive desalination plants. To efficiently mitigate sea-level rise, desalinized water could be stored on land in the form of crop, wetlands or new forests. Based on a US$ 500 million price to build an individual mega desalination plant with current technology, the cost of controlling current sea-level rise through water desalination approaches US$ 23 trillion. However, the economic, environmental and health benefits would also be immense and could contribute to addressing a number of global issues including sea-level rise, food security, biodiversity loss and climate change. Because these issues are intimately intertwined, responses should aim at addressing them all concurrently and at global scale.

Streaming flow on polythermal mountain glaciers: In-situ observations on Jarvis Glacier, Alaska

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Lee ◽  
Robert Hawley ◽  
Christopher Gerbi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Dislocation Creep ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Tilt Sensor ◽  
Flow Law ◽  
Glacier Flow ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Streaming Flow

<p>Accelerated melting of glaciers and ice caps has raised serious concerns about sea level rise. As we work towards a solution to address these concerns, it has become a chief priority to rapidly improve predictions of future changes in global ice mass balance. Numerical simulations projecting ice loss have uncovered a strong sensitivity to mechanical and/or rheological weakening of the shear margins of streaming ice. To accurately project sea level rise, future models will require careful treatment of shear margins. This necessitates a deeper understanding of the flow dynamics at shear margins and how streaming flow relates to the constitutive flow law for ice.</p><p> </p><p>We developed an open source inexpensive tilt sensor (∼20% the cost of commercial sensors) for studying ice deformation and installed our tilt sensor systems in two boreholes drilled close to the shear margin of Jarvis Glacier, Alaska to obtain kinematic measurements of streaming ice. We used the collected tilt data to calculate borehole deformation by tracking the orientation of the sensors over time. The sensors' tilts generally trended down-glacier, with an element of cross-glacier flow in the borehole closer to the shear margin. We also evaluated our results against flow dynamic parameters derived from Glen's exponential flow law and explored the parameter space of the stress exponent <em>n</em> and enhancement factor <em>E</em>. Comparison with values from ice deformation experiments shows that the ice on Jarvis is characterized by higher <em>n</em> values than that is expected in regions of low stress, particularly at the shear margin (~3.4). The higher <em>n</em> values could be attributed to the observed high total strains coupled with potential dynamic recrystallization, causing anisotropic development and consequently sped up ice flow. Jarvis' <em>n</em> values place the creep regime of the ice between basal slip and dislocation creep. Tuning <em>E</em> towards a theoretical upper limit of 10 for anisotropic ice with single-maximum fabric reduces the <em>n</em> values by 0.2.</p>

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Overtopping and Adaptation Measures in Catalan Ports Due to Sea Level Rise

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Pau Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Nw Mediterranean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the impact of sea level rise (SLR) throughout the 21st century in the overtopping of port breakwaters is analyzed at a regional scale, focusing on the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean). The study is made considering three scenarios of SLR and two levels of storminess, computing the overtopping discharges in 47 ports to assess those exceeding a tolerable threshold and to roughly estimate the monetary value of the consequences of such discharges. Possible adaptation measures are examined, selecting the most cost-effective and assessing the cost of its implementation for the different scenarios and two damage levels. Results show that, as it could be expected, the number of ports affected by overtopping will increase with SLR, as well as the economic impact. Another remarkable finding of this paper is the significant savings in adaptation measures achieved allowing a minimum level of damage in contrast to the zero-damage option.

scholarly journals ASSESSING SEA LEVEL RISE VULNERABILITY AND COSTS IN A DATA LIMITED ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
Frederick Bloetscher ◽  
Nivedita Sairam ◽  
Sudhagar Nagarajan ◽  
Leonard Berry ◽  
Serena Hoermann
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Cost

“Resiliency” for communities at risk from sea level rise and its effects means preserving as much property and associated economic activity as possible without disrupting current activity or expending funds on projects that provide limited long-term utility or social value. Of interest is how the coincidence of these events impacts the need for storm water improvements and the financial obligations they will entail. This research project focused on the impacts of a non-coastal, groundwater influenced southeast Florida community and the long-term funding they will need to reduce flooding in the community using GIS. This research involved defining surface elevations and groundwater levels, assessing the impacts of sea level rise on groundwater, assessing impacts to storm water from rainfall, identifying likely improvements, and assessing the scale for improvements. The analysis used three extreme rainstorm events under the 0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-foot sea level rise scenarios to determine the magnitude of the cost of the improvements. For a 35-square mile community, our research estimated that the cost could exceed $300 million. For a community not directly adjacent to the coast, the magnitude of these costs should be of interest to similarly placed communities.

A cost-effective method to protect the coastal regions from sea level rise. A case study: northern coasts of Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Abd-Elhamid ◽  
M. E. El-Kilany ◽  
A. A. Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Diaphragm Wall ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost

Sea level rise resulting from climate change represents one of the major challenges for coastal regions, e.g., coastal erosion, submergence of shore cities and saltwater intrusion. This study presents a feasibility study of using a diaphragm wall (DW) to protect the northern coasts of Egypt from sea level rise. The study includes assessment of environmental and socio-economic impacts of the expected sea level rise. A finite element model is developed using the PLAXIS software and used to analyse the effectiveness of using DW in preventing the seepage of saltwater. The results show that the cost of constructing DW along the coast is about 1.0% of the expected losses due to sea level rise by 2100. For Alexandria city with 35 km of coastal line, the economic losses by 2100 is expected to be about $3.5 billion if no action is taken. However, the cost of constructing the DW along Alexandria coasts will be around $35.0 million which represent 1.0% of the expected losses. The total cost of constructing the diaphragm wall along the northern coast of Egypt is estimated to be $1.0 billion for 1,000 km length. This methodology can be applied to protect different coastal areas all over the world.

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