scholarly journals Differentiation defect in neural crest-derived smooth muscle cells in patients with aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valves

EBioMedicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Jiao ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Lunchang Wang ◽  
Jiong Yang ◽  
Ping Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Bicuspid Aortic Valves

The cephalic neural crest provides pericytes and smooth muscle cells to all blood vessels of the face and forebrain

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Etchevers ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
N.M. Le Douarin ◽  
G.F. Couly
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mesodermal Origin ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Most connective tissues in the head develop from neural crest cells (NCCs), an embryonic cell population present only in vertebrates. We show that NCC-derived pericytes and smooth muscle cells are distributed in a sharply circumscribed sector of the vasculature of the avian embryo. As NCCs detach from the neural folds that correspond to the future posterior diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, they migrate between the ectoderm and the neuroepithelium into the anterior/ventral head, encountering mesoderm-derived endothelial precursors. Together, these two cell populations build a vascular tree rooted at the departure of the aorta from the heart and ramified into the capillary plexi that irrigate the forebrain meninges, retinal choroids and all facial structures, before returning to the heart. NCCs ensheath each aortic arch-derived vessel, providing every component except the endothelial cells. Within the meninges, capillaries with pericytes of diencephalic and mesencephalic neural fold origin supply the forebrain, while capillaries with pericytes of mesodermal origin supply the rest of the central nervous system, in a mutually exclusive manner. The two types of head vasculature contact at a few defined points, including the anastomotic vessels of the circle of Willis, immediately ventral to the forebrain/midbrain boundary. Over the course of evolution, the vertebrate subphylum may have exploited the exceptionally broad range of developmental potentialities and the plasticity of NCCs in head remodelling that resulted in the growth of the forebrain.

Abstract 638: Urotensin II Promotes Calcification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Albanese ◽  
Zhipeng You ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Bianca Barratt ◽  
Dominique Shum-Tim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Positive Correlations

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death in Western societies. Vasoactive peptide urotensin II (UII) is upregulated in atherosclerosis and several other cardiovascular diseases however further research is required to develop a complete understanding of UII’s role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that UII stimulates calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells and that UII, urotensin II related peptide (URP) and UT receptor expression are upregulated in calcified aortic valves. Methods and Results: Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were cultured in phosphate media (2.6mmol/L) for 13 days in the presence of varying concentrations of UII (0, 10, 50, 100nm) and the amount of calcium was measured with a calcium assay kit. Protein was extracted and measured with a protein assay kit. HASMC calcification was assessed as the ratio of calcium (μg)/protein (mg). HASMC calcification increased with increasing UII concentration and was significantly elevated in 100nm of UII (N=6, P<0.05) 13 days after incubation. We also examined UII, URP and UT protein expression in 90 carotid endarterectomies and 87 mitral, non-calcified and calcified aortic valves by immunohistochemistry. Multivariant Spearman correlation analyses in carotids revealed significant positive correlations between UII, URP and UT overall staining with calcification, remodeling and inflammation (P<0.05). In valves there was significant positive correlations between UII, URP and UT overall staining with calcification, fibrosis, remodeling, inflammation, lipid score and microvessels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The stimulatory effect of UII on vascular smooth muscle cell calcification as well as the upregulated expression of UII, URP and UT in calcified aortic valves suggests that the UT receptor system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and valve calcification.

POTENTIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN NEURAL CREST STEM CELLS TO ENDOTHELIAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS TRANSPLANTED IN RAT PENILE CORPUS CAVERNOSUM

2008 ◽  
Vol 179 (4S) ◽  
pp. 233-233
Author(s):  
Yun Seob Song ◽  
Hong Jun Lee ◽  
Won Jae Yang ◽  
Young Ho Park ◽  
In Ho Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells

scholarly journals In VitroSystem for Differentiating Pluripotent Neural Crest Cells into Smooth Muscle Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 273 (11) ◽  
pp. 5993-5996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh K. Jain ◽  
Matthew D. Layne ◽  
Masafumi Watanabe ◽  
Michael T. Chin ◽  
Mark W. Feinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells

scholarly journals Notch2 is required for the proliferation of cardiac neural crest-derived smooth muscle cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 237 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajakta Varadkar ◽  
Matthew Kraman ◽  
Daryl Despres ◽  
Ge Ma ◽  
Julie Lozier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cardiac Neural Crest
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