The male to female ratio at birth: The role of femicide and other mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Victor Grech
Keyword(s):  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female

scholarly journals Role of Multi Detector Computed Tomography Cervicocerebral Angiography in Evaluation of Patients with Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Balaji Varaprasad Mallula ◽  
Jithender Reddy Chintala ◽  
Srinadh Boppanna ◽  
S. Annapurna
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The World ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Multi Detector Computed Tomography

Background: Stroke is the second single most common cause of death in the world causing approximately 6.7 million deaths each year. It has a greater disability impact on an individual than any other chronic disease. The aim of the study is to review the value of CTA in detection and evaluation of non-traumatic cervicocerebral vascular disease (stroke). Subjects & Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kamineni Hospitals, L.B. Nagar, Hyderabad over 60 patients during April 2016 to May 2017. Results: Out of 60 patients, 35(58.3%) patients had ischemic stroke, 25(41.6%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Overall stroke was seen mostly in the age group of 61-70 (28.3%) years, with a Male to female ratio of 3:2. Conclusion: Hypertension was the most common risk factor associated with this disease, followed by diabetes. CTA helps in accurate diagnosis, risk stratification and planning management protocols.

scholarly journals Role of air way stenting (Duman- silica stent) in benign stricture trachea management

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Kiran Grandhi ◽  
Jayasri Helen Gali ◽  
Kokiwar P. R.
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Mechanical Ventilatory Support ◽  
Benign Stricture ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Phosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Female Case ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Tracheal Stricture

Background: Tracheal strictures are known to recur after dilatation, so they need stenting to prevent recurrence. The objective was to study role of air way stenting (Duman- silica stent) in benign stricture trachea management.Methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out among 15 cases (as these cases are very rare, author could study only 15 cases) presented with various clinical features suggestive of tracheal strictures. They were examined and managed by putting tracheal stent for up to eight months period. All cases were followed at regular intervals till 14months after the stent was placed. The outcome was studied.Results: The tracheal strictures have been found to be more in the age group of 25-30 years.  The male to female ratio was 4:1 i.e. for everyone female case there were four male cases. Thus, the tracheal strictures have been more common among the males compared to the females. All of the patients presented with severe stridor, breathing difficulty, and poor exercise tolerance. Most common cause of tracheal stricture was prolonged mechanical  ventilatory support >8 days due to organo phosphorus poisoning in past 3months and all of them were males.  All cases had good outcome at the end of 14months of follow up. All cases had normal findings. No one developed foreign body reaction, nor did no one develop granuloma formation at the stent site. After stent removal flexible bronchoscopy repeated after 3rd month and 6th month.Conclusions: Tracheal stenting is very useful procedure in the management of air way strictures.

Urgent surgery – the role of computed tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
A. V. Arablinskiy ◽  
V. B. Rumer
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Hollow Viscus ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Urgent Surgery ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction.Acute abdomen is a complex condition that demands urgent diagnostics and treatment.The proposeof the study based on data we got in the Radiology Department of S.P. Botkin Municipal Clinical Hospital is to evaluate the role of computed tomography in acute abdomen diagnostics.Materials and methods. 637 acute abdomen patient`s data were retrospectively analyzed, provided in the term from January 2017 to January 2018. The average age was 53 years old, from 18 to 98 y.o. Male to female ratio was 1:1,51, male – 383, female – 254. Inclusion criteria was acute abdomen clinical presentation.Results.The most frequently seen conditions were ileus – 226 cases (35.5%), acute pancreatitis/pancreonecrosis – 185 cases (29%), ureteral occlusion with stones – 83 cases (13%), blunt abdominal trauma – 57 cases (9%), renal abscesses and inflammation diseases – 56 cases (9%). Liver abscesses – 13 cases (2%), mesenteric ischemia – 10 cases (1.5%), acute appendicitis – 4 (0,5%), aortic dissection – 2 cases (0,3%), hollow viscus perforation – 1 case (0.2%).Conclusion.CT with high accuracy and in a short time identify the reason of acute abdomen in all shown cases that highly improve the quality of medical management.

Value proposition for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening (SC) in underinsured populations (UP).

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (30_suppl) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Barzi ◽  
Sarmad Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Male To Female

24 Background: SC for CRC is an effective preventive tool. In ASCO 2013 we reported that costs of SC are quickly offset by a reduction in the management costs of CRC rendering No Screening financially unsound. This is particularly relevant to the Medicaid and other UP where low reimbursements result in lower availability and inconsistent practice of SC creating an impediment to better outcomes and is a key part of outcome disparities. Methods: Twelve strategies (STs) and 1.4 million individuals were simulated to examine the role of participation (PA) in the SC on effectiveness and cost effectiveness of each SC ST. Individuals > 50 with average risk of CRC and 1/1 male to female ratio were followed for up to 35 years with SC stopped at 75. PA was increased by 10% increments between 20% and 80%. Results: Our results demonstrated that FOBT and colonoscopy (CS) are consistently cost effective STs independently of the level of PA. The incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICER) of CS relative to FOBT remain flat as PA increases. The absolute difference in life years gained between FOBT and CS ranges from 0.014 to 0.30. Sensitivity analysis reveals that costs of FOBT can be increased before CS becomes more cost effective. Conclusions: Given the limitations of resources within provider networks primarily supported by Medicaid, FOBT can be deployed as the SC modality of choice and efforts maybe focused on increasing PA. To this end, Medicaid can potentially offer more competitive reimbursement rates for fecal testing, thereby incentivizing providers. This will improve quality as reflected in the outcomes and is more pragmatic in terms of resources it requires. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Genomic Landscape and Targeted Treatment of Gallbladder Cancer: Results of a First Ongoing Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 074-079
Author(s):  
Amol Patel ◽  
Dharmesh Soneji ◽  
Harinder Pal Singh ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Arnab Bandyopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallbladder Cancer ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mixed Response ◽  
Met Amplification ◽  
Genomic Landscape ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Erbb2 Amplification

Abstract Background Prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has not changed in the past 20 years. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) carries potential to determine the actionability for multiple targets, including ERBB2, ERBB3, MET, ROSI, FGFR, and PIK3. This study evaluates the role of CGP and targeted therapies. Methods This is a multicenter, prospective, single-arm study. All consecutive patients of unresectable and/or metastatic GBC of age ≥18 years were enrolled. Hybrid capture-based CGP was performed by Foundation Medicine CDx. All patients received first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine–cisplatin regimen. Patients with ERBB2/3 amplification received trastuzumab with capecitabine or nab-paclitaxel, and patients with MET amplification were treated with crizotinib. For ERBB2/3 mutations, lapatinib plus capecitabine regimen was used. Results Fifty patients were studied with a median age of 56 years (range 26–83) and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6. ERBB2 and ERBB3 amplification was seen in 9 (18%) and 2 (4%) patients, respectively. Four patients with ERBB2 amplification received trastuzumab and/or lapatinib, showed partial response, and maintained response beyond 12 weeks. One patient had mixed response, whereas two patients progressed on trastuzumab and lapatinib. Three patients with ERBB3 mutations showed response to lapatinib–capecitabine. One patient with MET amplification responded to crizotinib for 4 weeks. PIK3 mutations were present in 14% of cases and were independent of ERBB aberrations. Conclusion GBC is enriched in 28% of patients with ERBB2 and ERBB3 amplifications and/or mutations. Responses are seen with lapatinib in concurrent ERBB2 mutation and amplification. ERBB3 mutation showed response to lapatinib. MET and PIK3 are new findings in GBC, which may be targeted.

Penetrating Chest Trauma in Nigeria

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins O Thomas ◽  
Ezekiel O Ogunleye
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Thoracic Injuries ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Tube Insertion ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Penetrating Chest Trauma ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male To Female

Penetrating chest trauma occurs worldwide, and various accounts of it have been reported in the literature. 1 – 5 Blunt trauma is not usually associated with military or civilian violence, while penetrating chest trauma often is. Penetrating chest trauma is frequently caused by gunshots and non gunshot-related incidents such as stabs, traffic accidents, and impalements. This prospective study was conducted to determine a pattern of penetrating thoracic injuries, including their causes, the role of surgery, and intervention outcomes. In this study, we treated 168 patients (142 males and 26 females, giving a male-to-female ratio of 5.5:1). Gunshots caused 60.1% of the injuries while traffic accidents caused 27.3% of the injuries. Chest tube insertion alone was the main treatment initiated. This technique was used on 73.8% of the patients. To reduce the occurrence of penetrating chest trauma in Lagos, Nigeria, study results suggest that the Nigerian people and their property need greater security, and that pre-hospital level of care for trauma victims must improve.

scholarly journals Delayed presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia masquerading as pulmonary tuberculosis in a 4-year-old girl

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Salisu Shaaibu ◽  
Aliyu Mohammed El-Habeeb ◽  
Idris Mohammed Mustapha ◽  
Abdulsalam Usman Danjaji
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Plain Chest ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernias

Diaphragmatic hernias are defined as congenital or acquired defect in the diaphragm. It is said to be the most common intra-thoracic fetal anomaly with an incidence of 1 in 2200 to 3000 live births and male to female ratio of 2:1.The unusual and misleading presentation of this condition which would cause an unnecessary delay in diagnosis and all the attendant consequences (such as intestinal obstruction) is hereby presented. The role of plain chest Xray which is cheap and readily available in salvaging the confusing clinical scenario has been emphasized. Late presenting CDH should be factored in the differential diagnosis of any child with chronic cough. Delay in diagnosis increases chances of complication such as chronic lung diseases and gastro-esophageal reflux, later in adulthood.

scholarly journals Immunosuppressive Drugs and Kidney Post-transplant Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Ismael Bilal Ismael ◽  
Sarhang Hasan Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Random Blood Sugar ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Male To Female

Background: As the rate of renal transplantation increases, more immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine A (CsA) are consumed, particularly during the early months following transplantation, leading to post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) which can cause death. Objective: The present study examined the role of CsA in causing PTDM and other effective factors among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who had undergone renal replacement therapy. Methods: The present investigation was a quantitative case-control study carried out on 30 CKD patients who had undergone renal transplantation and 30 healthy individuals. A questionnaire was utilized to gather their demographic information, and direct interviews were conducted with the subjects. To examine random blood sugar (RBS), white blood cell (WBC) count, creatinine level, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood samples were obtained from the subjects. The mentioned parameters were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: According to the results, the groups were homogenous in age, body mass index (BMI), and male-to-female ratio. However, there were significant differences between the two groups in RBS (P=0.011), WBC count (P=0.031), creatinine level (P=0.001), and BUN (P=0.001). Conclusion: Failure of allograft survival of renal transplantation was found to be a leading cause of death, which has been reportedly been treated by the consumption of immunosuppressive drugs such as CsA. However, this drug can increase the patient’s chances of developing PTDM. PTDM development can be reduced by applying a dosage of 10 mg/kg/d during the first week and 8-9 mg/kg/day during weeks 2-5 following transplantation.

scholarly journals Management of benign oesophageal strictures: our experience at tertiary care centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Anagha S. Varudkar ◽  
Santoshkumar N. Deshmukh ◽  
Dyanesh D. Vitekar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Endoscopic Dilatation ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Oesophageal Stricture ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Anastomotic Strictures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Oesophageal stricture is a common problem in general surgical practice. It can be benign or malignant, simple or complex. Benign oesophageal strictures include peptic, corrosive, post-surgical anastomotic strictures, post radiotherapy and drug induced strictures. The aetiology of this condition varies in developed and developing countries. Aim of present study was to determine the aetiology of benign oesophageal stricture, to evaluate the role of endoscopic dilatation of stricture and final outcome in these patients in our region.Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted in department of surgery at a tertiary care teaching hospital at Aurangabad from December 2009 to November 2013.  All the patients, regardless of age and gender, admitted with diagnosis of benign oesophageal stricture were included in the study. Depending upon the type of stricture treatment was carried out. Postoperatively patients were followed up for detection of possible complications and their treatment.Results: Total 50 patients of oesophageal stricture were studied. Mean age was 33.65 years with male to female ratio 2.8:1. Ingestion of corrosive substance was the commonest etiology noted followed by peptic strictures.Conclusions: Corrosive ingestion was the commonest cause of benign oesophageal stricture in our region followed by peptic strictures. Endoscopic dilatation is safe and effective in treating benign oesophageal strictures.

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