High rate of hepatitis B viral breakthrough in elderly non-Hodgkin lymphomas patients treated with Rituximab based chemotherapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1394-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Castelli ◽  
Laurenzia Ferraris ◽  
Giuseppe Pantaleo ◽  
Giorgio Lambertenghi Deliliers ◽  
Marco Cicardi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Viral Breakthrough

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Vaccinated Children and Adolescents with HBsAg-positive Parents: Is Routine Vaccination Sufficient?

Health Scope ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Bakhshipour ◽  
Manijeh Khalili ◽  
Raheleh Rafaiee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a severe public health problem in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the intrafamilial transmission of HBV in vaccinated children whose one or both parents were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Methods: In a study with retrospective cohort design, 110 exposed cases with HBsAg-positive parent(s) were compared with 110 unexposed controls of the same sex and age groups. The participants were directly asked about demographic characteristics, medical history, and vaccinations. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HBV infection markers using the ELIZA method. Results: Overall, 1.8% HBsAg (P = 0.15) and 13.6% hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) (P < 0.0001) positivity rates were detected in the exposed group. The hepatitis B surface antibody titer (HBsAb) showed that 34.5% of cases and 56.3% of controls had HBsAb levels > 10 IU/L. There was a significant difference in the protective HBsAb level between the two groups (P < 0.0001). There were significant associations between HBsAb level and gender in the exposed group and decreased HBsAb levels and age. Conclusions: The high rate of positive HBcAb and HBsAg and decreasing HBsAb levels with age in this study indicate that routine childhood vaccination programs are inadequate in preventing HBV transmission and vaccine routes changing or further booster vaccination is essential. Effective case finding in vaccinated children with HBsAg-positive parents, intradermal vaccination, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin in newborns with HBsAg-positive fathers are suggested.

High Rate of Complete Viral Suppression With Combination Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B and Prior Treatment Failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie R. Wong ◽  
Huy N. Trinh ◽  
Benjamin Yip ◽  
Huy A. Nguyen ◽  
Ruel T. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
High Rate

scholarly journals Epidemiological Features and Risk Factors for Acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Syphilis in HIV-Infected Patients in Shaanxi Province, Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Qiang Ren ◽  
Wenhui Chang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are at a higher risk for co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum (TP; the agent causing syphilis) than the general population. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis has geographic differences and varies from region to region among HIV-positive individuals. A retrospective study was carried out on HIV-positive individuals between June 2011 and June 2016 in Shaanxi Province. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using stepwise regression analysis regarding risk factors for HIV–HBV, HIV–HCV, and HIV–syphilis co-infection. HBV–HCV, HCV–syphilis, HBV–syphilis, and HBV–HCV–syphilis co-infection rates were 1.7%, 2.2%, 2.6%, and 0.1%, respectively. The rate of ineffective hepatitis B vaccine immunization was as high as 30.2% among HIV-positive individuals. Ethnicity (OR = 31.030, 95% CI: 11.643–82.694) and HIV transmission routes (OR = 134.024, 95% CI: 14.328–1253.653) were the risk factors for HCV infection in HIV-positive individuals. Among the HIV-positive individuals with the antibodies of TP, the rate of homosexual transmission was also higher, but heterosexual transmission was lower (OR = 0.549 95% CI: 0.382–0.789) The HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province had the characteristics of low active detection rate and late diagnosis. The high rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV suggests a need for improved vaccination services.

Hepatitis B Reactivation in Patients With Previous Hepatitis B Virus Exposure Undergoing Rituximab-Containing Chemotherapy for Lymphoma: A Prospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (33) ◽  
pp. 3736-3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Kay Seto ◽  
Thomas S.Y. Chan ◽  
Yu-Yan Hwang ◽  
Danny Ka-Ho Wong ◽  
James Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Cumulative Rate

PurposePatterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) –negative, antihepatitis B core antigen antibody (anti-HBc) –positive patients with lymphoma receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy have not been well described.Patients and MethodsHBsAg-negative, anti-HBc–positive Chinese patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA (< 10 IU/mL), diagnosed with hematologic malignancies and receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy, were prospectively monitored every 4 weeks for up to 2 years. Entecavir was started when HBV reactivation (defined as detectable HBV DNA) was encountered.ResultsAmong 260 patients receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy, 63 patients (24.2%) who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive underwent follow-up for a median of 70 weeks (range, 6 to 104 weeks). The 2-year cumulative rate of HBV reactivation was 41.5%, occurring at a median of 23 weeks (range, 4 to 100 weeks) after rituximab treatment. The median HBV DNA level at reactivation was 43 IU/mL (range, 14 to 920 IU/mL). A baseline undetectable antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs; < 10 mIU/mL) was the only significant risk factor that was positively associated with HBV reactivation (hazard ratio, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.37 to 8.98; P = .009). Patients with negative baseline anti-HBs, compared with those with positive anti-HBs, had a significantly higher 2-year cumulative rate of HBV reactivation (68.3% v 34.4%; P = .012). At HBV reactivation, all patients had normal ALT, and all patients but one were HBsAg negative. Entecavir successfully controlled HBV reactivation in all patients.ConclusionA high rate of HBV reactivation was observed in HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc–positive patients undergoing rituximab-containing chemotherapy, with the risk of reactivation significantly higher in anti-HBs–negative patients. Periodic HBV DNA monitoring was an effective strategy in preventing HBV-related complications.

scholarly journals High rate of core promoter and precore mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumbella F. Baqai ◽  
James Proudfoot ◽  
Debbie H. Yi ◽  
Michael Mangahas ◽  
Robert G. Gish
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Core Promoter ◽  
High Rate

scholarly journals Parents’ Attitude about Hepatitis B Disease and Practice of Hepatitis B Vaccination among Children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huynh Giao ◽  
Bui Quang Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Huynh Tam Lang ◽  
Pham Le An
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Information Strategies ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Urban People

Introduction. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Vietnam for hepatitis B (HepB) among infants has been implemented since 2003. The rates of the birth dose (babies receiving HepB immunization injection within 24 hours after birth) and the later three-dose series were low in 2013-2014. Objective. This article evaluated attitudes about the hepatitis B disease and vaccine in relation to the correct practice of vaccination among mothers of 12–24-month-old children in Ho Chi Minh City. Material and Methods. The parents of 768 children aged 12 to 24 months, in Ho Chi Minh City, were interviewed and reviewed their vaccination cards from February 2016 to July 2017. Results. A total of 768 children had parents of a mean age of 30.8 years, approximately 34% of the children with a mean age of 16.8 months completed all four doses of the hepatitis B vaccine in a timely manner according to the EPI, and only 45.2% of children received the birth dose on schedule within 24 hours. The mother’s fears of HepB risk in the community, living in rural areas, and receiving vaccination information from health workers increased the odds of complete and timely HepB vaccination (all p<0.05). Conclusions. A high rate of children did not receive a complete and timely HepB vaccination in the EPI. Health information strategies should be designed to target urban people and focus on safety of the vaccine, by health workers, to increase the correct practices of hepatitis B vaccination, including the birth dose, and provide education programs that emphasize the high risk for getting hepatitis B.

scholarly journals Universal Primers for Detection and Sequencing of Hepatitis B Virus Genomes across Genotypes A to G

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1831-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Bee Chook ◽  
Woon Li Teo ◽  
Yun Fong Ngeow ◽  
Kok Keng Tee ◽  
Kee Peng Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Primer Sets

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been divided into 10 genotypes, A to J, based on an 8% nucleotide sequence divergence between genotypes. The conventional practice of using a single set of primers to amplify a near-complete HBV genome is hampered by its low analytical sensitivity. The current practice of using overlapping conserved primer sets to amplify a complete HBV genome in a clinical sample is limited by the lack of pan-primers to detect all HBV genotypes. In this study, we designed six highly conserved, overlapping primer sets to cover the complete HBV genome. We based our design on the sequences of 5,154 HBV genomes of genotypes A to I downloaded from the GenBank nucleotide database. These primer sets were tested on 126 plasma samples from Malaysia, containing genotypes A to D and with viral loads ranging from 20 to >79,780,000 IU/ml. The overall success rates for PCR amplification and sequencing were >96% and >94%, respectively. Similarly, there was 100% amplification and sequencing success when the primer sets were tested on an HBV reference panel of genotypes A to G. Thus, we have established primer sets that gave a high analytical sensitivity for PCR-based detection of HBV and a high rate of sequencing success for HBV genomes in most of the viral genotypes, if not all, without prior known sequence data for the particular genotype/genome.

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