Camel milk: A possible alternative to infant formulas for patients with allergy to cow milk proteins

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. e116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Rubino ◽  
Giuseppe Antonio Mazza ◽  
Sergio Rubino ◽  
Ali Mohamed Mahdi ◽  
Francesco Zurlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas

scholarly journals Are Faba Bean and Pea Proteins Potential Whey Protein Substitutes in Infant Formulas? An In Vitro Dynamic Digestion Approach

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Linda Le Roux ◽  
Olivia Ménard ◽  
Raphaël Chacon ◽  
Didier Dupont ◽  
Romain Jeantet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Pea Proteins

Infant formulas (IFs) are used as substitutes for human milk and are mostly based on cow milk proteins. For sustainability reasons, animal protein alternatives in food are increasingly being considered, as plant proteins offer interesting nutritional and functional benefits for the development of innovative IFs. This study aimed to assess how a partial substitution (50%) of dairy proteins with faba bean and pea proteins influenced the digestibility of IFs under simulated dynamic in vitro digestion, which were set up to mimic infant digestion. Pea- and faba bean-based IFs (PIF and FIF, respectively) have led to a faster aggregation than the reference milk-based IF (RIF) in the gastric compartment; that did not affect the digesta microstructure at the end of digestion. The extent of proteolysis was estimated via the hydrolysis degree, which was the highest for FIF (73%) and the lowest for RIF (50%). Finally, it was apparent that in vitro protein digestibility and protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)-like scores were similar for RIF and FIF (90% digestibility; 75% PDCAAS), but lower for PIF (75%; 67%). Therefore, this study confirms that faba bean proteins could be a good candidate for partial substitution of whey proteins in IFs from a nutritional point of view, provided that these in vitro results are confirmed in vivo.

Molecular characterization and genetic variability of Alpha Casein gene, CSN1S1 in Bikaneri camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jayakumar ◽  
Karan Veer Singh ◽  
S. P. Dixit ◽  
Z. S. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Nomadic Communities

Camel milk is an important protein source for the nomadic communities living in the arid lands of the world, In recent years there has been an increase in consumption of non-bovine milk as an alternative protein source for humans. Camel milk seems to be containing larger amount of total proteins, such as lactoferrin and immunoglobulins as compared to the cow milk, which may be responsible for the better antimicrobial properties. The casein fraction of milk proteins consists of four caseins, namely as1-casein, as2-casein, b-casein, and k-casein. Casein genetic polymorphisms are important due to their effects on quantitative traits and technological properties of milk. This work was designed to study occurrence of polymorphism of a-casein in native Bikaneri camel (Camelus dromedarius) raw milk sample and to characterize these variants on molecular level.

Effects of Industrial Processing Methods on Camel Milk Composition, Nutritional Value, and Health Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-239
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed Metwalli ◽  
Yonas Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Heat Denaturation ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Camel Milk Proteins

Camel milk has a comparable gross composition with other milk sources including bovine milk with some minor differences in the molecular properties of proteins and fat. The limited amount of β-Lg and κ-Casein(CN) are involved in heat denaturation via formation of disulfide bridges in cow milk; their absence in camel milk result in different responses for heat treatment at different scale. Furthermore, differences between camel milk proteins compared to other milk resulted poor coagulation and reduce stability during processing of dairy products such as yogurt and cheese. The effect of different thermal processing methods on camel milk were discussed; however, high pressure processing (HPP) study on processing effect on camel milk is an area of research for more confirmation in-depth study. The industrial processing methods were found to effect important camel milk properties, nutritional values, and health properties compared to other animals including limiting bioactive proteins such as immunoglobulin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and vitamins. This effect depends on the type of heat treatment applied.

Are camel milk proteins convenient to the nutrition of cow milk allergic children?

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed I. El-Agamy ◽  
Mohsen Nawar ◽  
Sherif M. Shamsia ◽  
Sameh Awad ◽  
George F.W. Haenlein
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Camel Milk Proteins

scholarly journals Excessive Leucine-mTORC1-Signalling of Cow Milk-Based Infant Formula: The Missing Link to Understand Early Childhood Obesity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodo C. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Great Chance ◽  
Induce Insulin Resistance

Increased protein supply by feeding cow-milk-based infant formula in comparison to lower protein content of human milk is a well-recognized major risk factor of childhood obesity. However, there is yet no conclusive biochemical concept explaining the mechanisms of formula-induced childhood obesity. It is the intention of this article to provide the biochemical link between leucine-mediated signalling of mammalian milk proteins and adipogenesis as well as early adipogenic programming. Leucine has been identified as the predominant signal transducer of mammalian milk, which stimulates the nutrient-sensitive kinase mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Leucine thus functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for mTORC1-dependent neonatalβ-cell proliferation and insulin secretion. The mTORC1 target S6K1 plays a pivotal role in stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into adipocytes and to induce insulin resistance. It is of most critical concern that infant formulas provide higher amounts of leucine in comparison to human milk. Exaggerated leucine-mediated mTORC1-S6K1 signalling induced by infant formulas may thus explain increased adipogenesis and generation of lifelong elevated adipocyte numbers. Attenuation of mTORC1 signalling of infant formula by leucine restriction to physiologic lower levels of human milk offers a great chance for the prevention of childhood obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Alterations in the Gut Microbiome of Infants Consuming Partially Hydrolyzed Cow Milk Protein Formula

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 750-750
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gilley ◽  
Meghan Ruebel ◽  
Clark Sims ◽  
Ying Zhong ◽  
Sree Chintapalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Feeding Type

Abstract Objectives The first year of life is a critical window for appropriate enteric microbiome development. Variations in infant diets have persistent effects on gut microbial ecology. Compared to intact protein formulas (IPF), partially hydrolyzed infant formulas (PHF) contain broken down milk proteins and may impact development of atopic conditions in high-risk infants. However, the effects of PHFs on the developing gut microbiome are not known. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of the GLOWING study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01131117). Infant stool samples were collected at 6 months of age and microbial composition was examined via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V4 region) using standardized methods. Samples were grouped by primary feeding type: Exclusive breastfeeding (BF; n = 42), IPF (n = 17), or PHF (n = 12). We used linear models to examine the effects of feeding type adjusting for lifetime breastfeeding exposure at 6 mo. Group differences in α-diversity (richness and diversity) and relative abundances were assessed by ANOVA or t-test. Between-specimen diversity (β-diversity) was assessed using Bray − Curtis dissimilarities. Results Total breast milk exposure did not differ between PHF and IPF (mean 32.3% of feeds from human milk, p = 0.08). Analysis of α-diversity showed higher evenness (Shannon, Simpson) in IPF and higher richness (Chao1, Observed OTU) in PHF. However, these differences were no longer significant after adjusting for breastmilk exposure. β-diversity did not differ between groups. At the genus level compared to BF, infants fed IPF had higher abundance of Parabacteroides, while those fed PHF had higher Erwinia and Clostridium. Peptostreptococcaceae family was also increased in PHF fed infants. Compared to IPF, the PHF group had higher abundance of Clostridium genus, and Peptostreptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae families. Elevated Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridiales have previously been found in children with food allergies. Conclusions Our results suggest that partially hydrolyzed infant formulas may have modest impacts on the gut microbiome compared to intact protein formulas. Larger samples sizes are needed to fully characterize these differences and potential influence on long-term health. Funding Sources U.S. Department of Agriculture, NIDDK.

scholarly journals Post translational modifications of milk proteins in geographically diverse goat breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Rout ◽  
M. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Dpp Iv

AbstractGoat milk is a source of nutrition in difficult areas and has lesser allerginicity than cow milk. It is leading in the area for nutraceutical formulation and drug development using goat mammary gland as a bioreactor. Post translational modifications of a protein regulate protein function, biological activity, stabilization and interactions. The protein variants of goat milk from 10 breeds were studied for the post translational modifications by combining highly sensitive 2DE and Q-Exactive LC-MS/MS. Here we observed high levels of post translational modifications in 201 peptides of 120 goat milk proteins. The phosphosites observed for CSN2, CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN3 were 11P, 13P, 17P and 6P, respectively in 105 casein phosphopeptides. Whey proteins BLG and LALBA showed 19 and 4 phosphosites respectively. Post translational modification was observed in 45 low abundant non-casein milk proteins mainly associated with signal transduction, immune system, developmental biology and metabolism pathways. Pasp is reported for the first time in 47 sites. The rare conserved peptide sequence of (SSSEE) was observed in αS1 and αS2 casein. The functional roles of identified phosphopeptides included anti-microbial, DPP-IV inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and ACE inhibitory. This is first report from tropics, investigating post translational modifications in casein and non-casein goat milk proteins and studies their interactions.

Therapeutic Effect of Camel Milk in Children with Autism: Its Impact on Serum Levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 5698-5707
Author(s):  
Gehan Ahmed Mostafa ◽  
Geir Bjørklund ◽  
Laila Al- Ayadhi
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Background: Camel milk (CAM) regulates the inflammatory process, apoptotic pathways and oxidative stress. Thus, it is a therapeutic possibility for many autoimmune disorders, including autism. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an anti-inflammatory peptide that facilitates the immune regulatory functions by recruiting regulatory T cells to induce immune tolerance and prevent the occurrence of autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CAM consumption on both serum VIP levels and the severity of autism assessed by measuring the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Mehods: Sixty-five autistic children, aged between 3-12 years, were studied. Forty-seven patients received 500 mL of CAM (either raw "24 patients" or boiled "23 patients") in their regular daily diet for two weeks. Eighteen patients received 500 mL of cow milk for two weeks. For all patients, CARS and serum VIP levels were assessed before and after milk consumption. Results: Although there was a decrease in CARS scores in patients who received raw CAM, this decrease was non-significant (P=0.070). Serum VIP levels were increased in patients who consumed CAM, either raw (P=0.076) or boiled (P=0.065), but this increase was non-significant.  Conclusions: CAM consumption for 2 weeks neither significantly decreased the severity of autism nor increased serum anti-inflammatory VIP levels. The lack of a significant response to CAM in this study may be attributable to the short duration of CAM consumption. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of CAM consumption for a longer duration on serum VIP levels and the severity of autism.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Composition, Nutritional Value, and Functional Properties of Camel Milk Fat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2158
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Bakry ◽  
Lan Yang ◽  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
Sameh A. Korma ◽  
Ibrahim Khalifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Milk Fat Globules ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Recently, camel milk (CM) has been considered as a health-promoting icon due to its medicinal and nutritional benefits. CM fat globule membrane has numerous health-promoting properties, such as anti-adhesion and anti-bacterial properties, which are suitable for people who are allergic to cow’s milk. CM contains milk fat globules with a small size, which accounts for their rapid digestion. Moreover, it also comprises lower amounts of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids concurrent with higher levels of essential fatty acids than cow milk, with an improved lipid profile manifested by reducing cholesterol levels in the blood. In addition, it is rich in phospholipids, especially plasmalogens and sphingomyelin, suggesting that CM fat may meet the daily nutritional requirements of adults and infants. Thus, CM and its dairy products have become more attractive for consumers. In view of this, we performed a comprehensive review of CM fat’s composition and nutritional properties. The overall goal is to increase knowledge related to CM fat characteristics and modify its unfavorable perception. Future studies are expected to be directed toward a better understanding of CM fat, which appears to be promising in the design and formulation of new products with significant health-promoting benefits.

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