scholarly journals Rho-Kinase Directs Bazooka/Par-3 Planar Polarity during Drosophila Axis Elongation

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio de Matos Simões ◽  
J. Todd Blankenship ◽  
Ori Weitz ◽  
Dene L. Farrell ◽  
Masako Tamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Planar Polarity ◽  
Axis Elongation

scholarly journals Rho GTPase and Shroom direct planar polarized actomyosin contractility during convergent extension

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio de Matos Simões ◽  
Avantika Mainieri ◽  
Jennifer A. Zallen
Keyword(s):  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Planar Polarity ◽  
Axis Elongation ◽  
Actomyosin Contraction

Actomyosin contraction generates mechanical forces that influence cell and tissue structure. During convergent extension in Drosophila melanogaster, the spatially regulated activity of the myosin activator Rho-kinase promotes actomyosin contraction at specific planar cell boundaries to produce polarized cell rearrangement. The mechanisms that direct localized Rho-kinase activity are not well understood. We show that Rho GTPase recruits Rho-kinase to adherens junctions and is required for Rho-kinase planar polarity. Shroom, an asymmetrically localized actin- and Rho-kinase–binding protein, amplifies Rho-kinase and myosin II planar polarity and junctional localization downstream of Rho signaling. In Shroom mutants, Rho-kinase and myosin II achieve reduced levels of planar polarity, resulting in decreased junctional tension, a disruption of multicellular rosette formation, and defective convergent extension. These results indicate that Rho GTPase activity is required to establish a planar polarized actomyosin network, and the Shroom actin-binding protein enhances myosin contractility locally to generate robust mechanical forces during axis elongation.

scholarly journals Optogenetic dissection of the roles of actomyosin in the mechanics underlying tissue fluidity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marisol Herrera-Perez ◽  
Christian Cupo ◽  
Cole Allan ◽  
Alicia B. Dagle ◽  
Karen E. Kasza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Actomyosin Contractility ◽  
Mechanical Tensions ◽  
Axis Elongation ◽  
Complex Relationships

Rapid epithelial tissue flows are essential to building and shaping developing embryos. However, it is not well understood how the mechanical properties of tissues and the forces driving them to flow are jointly regulated to accommodate rapid tissue remodeling. To dissect the roles of actomyosin in the mechanics of epithelial tissue flows, here we use two optogenetic tools, optoGEF and optoGAP, to manipulate Rho/Rho-kinase signaling and actomyosin contractility in the germband epithelium, which flows via convergent extension during Drosophila body axis elongation. The ability to perturb actomyosin across the tissue allows us to analyze the effects of actomyosin on cell rearrangements, tissue tensions, and tissue mechanical properties. We find that either optogenetic activation or deactivation of Rho1 signaling and actomyosin contractility at the apical surface of the germband disrupts cell rearrangements and tissue-level flows. By probing mechanical tensions in the tissue using laser ablation and predicting tissue mechanical properties from cell packings, we find that actomyosin influences both the anisotropic forces driving tissue flow and the mechanical properties of the tissue resisting flow, leading to complex relationships between actomyosin activity and tissue-level flow. Moreover, our results indicate that changes in the distribution of medial and junctional myosin in the different perturbations alter tissue tension and cell packings in distinct ways, revealing how junctional and medial myosin have differential roles in promoting and orienting cell rearrangements to tune tissue flows in developing embryos.

512: Involvement of Rho-Kinase in the Contractile Mechanism of Human Ureteral Smooth Muscle

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
Sung Kyu Hong ◽  
Cheal Kwak ◽  
Byung Chang Jeong ◽  
Bong Sub Kim ◽  
Hyoen Hoe Kim
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Contractile Mechanism

1429: Upregulation of Rho-Kinase in a Human Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle Cell Line in Response to Hypoxia

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
Yongmu Zheng ◽  
Shaohua Chang ◽  
Alan J. Wein ◽  
Samuel Chacko ◽  
Michael E. DiSanto
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Muscle Cell Line

Butea Frondosa, A Rho Kinase 2 and Phosphodiesterase 5 Enzyme Inhibitor, Increases Sexual Function In Young And Aged Rats

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kumar Goswami ◽  
M Naseeruddin Inamdar ◽  
S Dethe ◽  
A Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5

Probing Cellular Outcomes Using Heterobivalent Constructs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Bhadoria ◽  
Kefeng Ping ◽  
Christer Lohk ◽  
Ivar Järving ◽  
Pavel Starkov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Intracellular Delivery ◽  
Rho Kinase Inhibitors

<div> <div> <div> <p>Conjugation techniques are central to improving intracellular delivery of bioactive small molecules. However, tracking and assessing the overall biological outcome of these constructs remains poorly understood. We addressed this issue by having developed a focused library of heterobivalent constructs based on Rho kinase inhibitors to probe various scenarios. By comparing induction of a phenotype of interest vs. cell viability vs. cellular uptake, we demonstrate that such conjugates indeed lead to divergent cellular outcomes. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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