Global hypothesis test to simultaneously compare the predictive values of two binary diagnostic tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1161-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Roldán Nofuentes ◽  
Juan de Dios Luna del Castillo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Montero Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Predictive Values

scholarly journals Global Hypothesis Test to Compare the Predictive Values of Diagnostic Tests Subject to a Case-Control Design

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Saad Bouh Regad ◽  
José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Manuscript Studies ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Predictive Values

Use of a case-control design to compare the accuracy of two binary diagnostic tests is frequent in clinical practice. This design consists of applying the two diagnostic tests to all of the individuals in a sample of those who have the disease and in another sample of those who do not have the disease. This manuscript studies the comparison of the predictive values of two diagnostic tests subject to a case-control design. A global hypothesis test, based on the chi-square distribution, is proposed to compare the predictive values simultaneously, as well as other alternative methods. The hypothesis tests studied require knowing the prevalence of the disease. Simulation experiments were carried out to study the type I errors and the powers of the hypothesis tests proposed, as well as to study the effect of a misspecification of the prevalence on the asymptotic behavior of the hypothesis tests and on the estimators of the predictive values. The proposed global hypothesis test was extended to the situation in which there are more than two diagnostic tests. The results have been applied to the diagnosis of coronary disease.

scholarly journals Comparison of the predictive values of two binary diagnostic tests subject to a case-control sampling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes ◽  
Saad Bouh Sidaty-Regad
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Predictive Values

Abstract Background: The main parameters to compare binary tests are the sensitivity and the specificity. Case-control sampling to compare two binary tests is frequent in clinical practice. This design consists of applying the two binary tests to all of the individuals in a sample of those who have the disease and in another sample of those who do not have the disease. In this design, the sensitivities (specificities) are compared from the case (control) sample applying the McNemar’s test. Other parameters of a binary test are the predictive values. The predictive values of a binary test represent the clinical accuracy of a binary test when it is applied to the individuals in a population with a determined disease prevalence. Methods: This article studies the comparison of the predictive values of two diagnostic tests subject to a case-control sampling. A global hypothesis test, based on the chi-square distribution, is proposed to compare the predictive values simultaneously. The comparison of the predictive values is also studied individually. The hypothesis tests studied require knowledge of an estimation of the disease prevalence. Results: Simulation experiments were carried out to study the type I errors and the powers of the hypothesis tests, as well as to study the effect of a misspecification of the prevalence on the behaviour of the hypothesis tests and on the estimators of the predictive values. The results obtained were applied to an example on the diagnosis of the Human African Trypanosomiasis. Conclusions: A method has been proposed to compare the predictive values of two diagnostic tests subject to a case-control sampling. This method consists in: 1) Simultaneously comparing the predictive values applying the global hypothesis test based on the chi-square distribution to an error alpha; 2) If the global test is not significant, then the equality of the predictive values is not rejected. If the global test is significant to an error alpha , then the causes of the significance are studied solving the individual hypothesis tests and applying Bonferroni’s method (or Holm’s method) to an error alpha. Keywords: Binary diagnostic test, Chi-square distribution, Positive and negative predictive values.

scholarly journals Risk factors, diagnosis and non-surgical treatment for meniscal tears: evidence and recommendations: a statement paper commissioned by the Danish Society of Sports Physical Therapy (DSSF)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bloch Thorlund ◽  
Carsten Bogh Juhl ◽  
Lina Holm Ingelsrud ◽  
Søren Thorgaard Skou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
And Function ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
Quality Evidence

This statement aimed at summarising and appraising the available evidence for risk factors, diagnostic tools and non-surgical treatments for patients with meniscal tears. We systematically searched electronic databases using a pragmatic search strategy approach. Included studies were synthesised quantitatively or qualitatively, as appropriate. Strength of evidence was determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation framework. Low-quality evidence suggested that overweight (degenerative tears, k=3), male sex (k=4), contact and pivoting sports (k=2), and frequent occupational kneeling/squatting (k=3) were risk factors for meniscal tears. There was low to moderate quality evidence for low to high positive and negative predictive values, depending on the underlying prevalence of meniscal tears for four common diagnostic tests (k=15, n=2474). Seven trials investigated exercise versus surgery (k=2) or the effect of surgery in addition to exercise (k=5) for degenerative meniscal tears. There was moderate level of evidence for exercise improving self-reported pain (Effect Size (ES)−0.51, 95% CI −1.16 to 0.13) and function (ES −0.06, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.11) to the same extent as surgery, and improving muscle strength to a greater extent than surgery (ES −0.45, 95% CI −0.62 to −0.29). High-quality evidence showed no clinically relevant effect of surgery in addition to exercise on pain (ES 0.18, 95% 0.05 to 0.32) and function (ES, 0.13 95% CI −0.03 to 0.28) for patients with degenerative meniscal tears. No randomised trials comparing non-surgical treatments with surgery in patients younger than 40 years of age or patients with traumatic meniscal tears were identified. Diagnosis of meniscal tears is challenging as all clinical diagnostic tests have high risk of misclassification. Exercise therapy should be recommended as the treatment of choice for middle-aged and older patients with degenerative meniscal lesions. Evidence on the best treatment for young patients and patients with traumatic meniscal tears is lacking.

A new likelihood approach to inference about predictive values of diagnostic tests in paired designs

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Shan Tsou
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Likelihood Approach

Intuitively, one only needs patients with two positive screening test results for positive predictive values comparison, and those with two negative screening test results for contrasting negative predictive values. Nevertheless, current existing methods rely on the multinomial model that includes superfluous parameters unnecessary for specific comparisons. This practice results in complex statistics formulas. We introduce a novel likelihood approach that fits the intuition by including a minimum number of parameters of interest in paired designs. It is demonstrated that our robust score test statistic is identical to a newly proposed weighted generalized score test statistic. Simulations and real data analysis are used for illustration.

scholarly journals Accuracy of diagnostic tests for respiratory syncytial virus infection within a paediatric hospital population in Kilifi County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Marshal M. Mweu ◽  
Nickson Murunga ◽  
Juliet W. Otieno ◽  
D. James Nokes
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Hospital Population ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced lower respiratory tract disease is a prominent cause of hospitalisation among children aged <5 years in developing countries. Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests are central to informing effective patient management and surveillance efforts geared towards quantifying RSV disease burden. This study sought to estimate the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) (along with the associated factors) and predictive values of a direct immunofluorescence test (IFAT), and two real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays for RSV infection within a paediatric hospital population: a multiplex rRT-PCR (MPX) and Fast-Track Diagnostics® (FTD) Respiratory Pathogens 33 (Resp-33) rRT-PCR. Methods: The study enlisted 1458 paediatrics aged ≤59 months admitted with acute respiratory illness at the Kilifi County Hospital between August 2011 and December 2013. A Bayesian latent class modelling framework was employed to infer the tests’ estimates based on the patients’ diagnostic data from the three tests. Results: The tests posted statistically similar Se estimates: IFAT (93.7%, [90.7; 95.0]), FTD (97.8%, [94.6; 99.4]) and MPX (97.5%, [94.2; 99.3]). As for Sp, FTD registered a lower estimate (97.4%, [96.2; 98.2]) than MPX (99.7%, [99.0; 100.0]) but similar to IFAT (99.0%, [98.2; 99.6]). The negative and positive predictive values were strong (>91%) and closely mimicked the pattern given by the Se and Sp values respectively. None of the examined covariates (age, sex and pneumonia status) significantly influenced the accuracy of the tests. Conclusions: The evaluation found little to choose between the three diagnostic tests. Nonetheless, with its relative affordability, the conventional IFAT continues to hold promise for use in patient care and surveillance activities for RSV infection within settings where children are hospitalised with severe acute respiratory illness.

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