scholarly journals Inhibitory learning approaches to exposure therapy: A critical review and translation to obsessive-compulsive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Jacoby ◽  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Learning

That Was Easy! Expectancy Violations During Exposure and Response Prevention for Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Guzick ◽  
Adam M. Reid ◽  
Amanda M. Balkhi ◽  
Gary R. Geffken ◽  
Joseph P. H. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Exposure And Response Prevention ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Exposure Tasks ◽  
Inhibitory Learning

Violating expectancies during exposure therapy is proposed to promote inhibitory learning and improved treatment outcomes. Because people tend to overestimate how distressing emotionally challenging situations will be, violating expectations of distress may be an intuitive way to promote treatment outcome during exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This study evaluated overpredictions of distress during exposure tasks in 33 youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; ages 8-17) participating in CBT. Youth with more variable prediction accuracy and a higher proportion of overpredictions experienced more rapid symptom reduction, b = −0.29, p = .002. Underpredictions were less common toward the end of therapy as youth experienced less severe OCD, b = 0.12, p= .001. Findings suggest that although youth often accurately predict the intensity of exposure, overpredictions are common as well. The frequency of these overpredictions promoted treatment outcome, supporting expectancy violations as one indicator of inhibitory learning during exposure therapy.

Response

2013 ◽  
pp. 246-248
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz ◽  
Brittain Mahaffey
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

In her commentary on our case description of Cassie, Dr. Beidel very thoughtfully raises a number of important points regarding the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). And we agree with all of them. Dr. Beidel, however, raises two issues in particular that we wish to comment on further: (a) the origins of obsessional fears, and (b) the use of distraction in exposure therapy....

Inducing and manipulating sensations of incompleteness

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-263
Author(s):  
William Taboas ◽  
Dean McKay
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Expectancy Violation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Tasks ◽  
Inhibitory Learning ◽  
The Relationship

Incompleteness (INC) and Harm Avoidance (HA) are known core dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Emotional processing and inhibitory learning (IL) have both been proposed as viable mechanisms of exposure for the alleviation of HA, yet the relationship with INC remains unclear. This study evaluated differential manipulation responses to induced INC. The authors specifically tested whether targeting the key component of IL, expectancy violation generated by the discrepancy between an articulated prediction and the actual exposure experience, would lead to improved outcomes. A sample of undergraduates (N = 68) completed a series of behavioral tasks to induce INC, followed by manipulations (exposure with or without articulated predictions) to reduce INC reactions. Results show that modest changes were observed following reduction manipulations following INC induction. Furthermore, heightened HA predicted the changes of induced sensations. Mediation tests showed that articulation of predicted sensations mediated pre- to postreduction ratings. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

Post-treatment effects of exposure therapy and clomipramine in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Blair Simpson ◽  
Michael R. Liebowitz ◽  
Edna B. Foa ◽  
Michael J. Kozak ◽  
Andrew B. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder
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