Pseudohypacusis in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased gray matter volume in the medial frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus

Cortex ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Tomoda ◽  
Sumihito Kinoshita ◽  
Yuki Korenaga ◽  
Hiroyo Mabe
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Medial Frontal Gyrus

Gray Matter Volume Decrease Distinguishes Schizophrenia From Bipolar Offspring During Childhood and Adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 677-684.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Sugranyes ◽  
Elena de la Serna ◽  
Soledad Romero ◽  
Vanessa Sanchez-Gistau ◽  
Anna Calvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Decrease

scholarly journals The Association between Gray Matter Volume and Reading Proficiency: A Longitudinal Study of Beginning Readers

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janosch Linkersdörfer ◽  
Alina Jurcoane ◽  
Sven Lindberg ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Marcus Hasselhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Neural systems involved in the processing of written language have been identified by a number of functional imaging studies. Structural changes in cortical anatomy that occur in the course of literacy acquisition, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we follow elementary school children over their first 2 years of formal reading instruction and use tensor-based morphometry to relate reading proficiency to cortical volume at baseline and follow-up measurement as well as to intraindividual longitudinal volume development between the two measurement time points. A positive relationship was found between baseline gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus and subsequent changes in reading proficiency. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between reading proficiency at the second measurement time point and intraindividual cortical volume development in the inferior parietal lobule and the precentral and postcentral gyri of the left hemisphere. These results are interpreted as evidence that reading acquisition is associated with preexisting structural differences as well as with experience-dependent structural changes involving dendritic and synaptic pruning.

scholarly journals Altered gray matter volume and structural co-variance in adolescents with social anxiety disorder: evidence for a delayed and unsynchronized development of the fronto-limbic system

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Liu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Matter Volume

Abstract Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent mental disorder diagnosed in childhood and adolescence. Theories regarding brain development and SAD suggest a close link between neurodevelopmental dysfunction at the adolescent juncture and SAD, but direct evidence is rare. This study aims to examine brain structural abnormalities in adolescents with SAD. Methods High-resolution T1-weighted images were obtained from 31 adolescents with SAD (15–17 years) and 42 matching healthy controls (HC). We evaluated symptom severity with the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). We used voxel-based morphometry analysis to detect regional gray matter volume abnormalities and structural co-variance analysis to investigate inter-regional coordination patterns. Results We found significantly higher gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the insula in adolescents with SAD compared to HC. We also observed significant co-variance of the gray matter volume between the OFC and amygdala, and the OFC and insula in HC, but these co-variance relationships diminished in SAD. Conclusions These findings provide the first evidence that the brain structural deficits in adolescents with SAD are not only in the core regions of the fronto-limbic system, but also represented by the diminished coordination in the development of these regions. The delayed and unsynchronized development pattern of the fronto-limbic system supports SAD as an adolescent-sensitive developmental mental disorder.

scholarly journals Reduced gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus as a function of mild depressive symptoms: a voxel-based morphometric analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 2833-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Webb ◽  
M. Weber ◽  
E. A. Mundy ◽  
W. D. S. Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Conjunction Analysis

BackgroundStudies investigating structural brain abnormalities in depression have typically employed a categorical rather than dimensional approach to depression [i.e. comparing subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-defined major depressive disorder (MDD)v. healthy controls]. The National Institute of Mental Health, through their Research Domain Criteria initiative, has encouraged a dimensional approach to the study of psychopathology as opposed to an over-reliance on categorical (e.g. DSM-based) diagnostic approaches. Moreover, subthreshold levels of depressive symptoms (i.e. severity levels below DSM criteria) have been found to be associated with a range of negative outcomes, yet have been relatively neglected in neuroimaging research.MethodTo examine the extent to which depressive symptoms – even at subclinical levels – are linearly related to gray matter volume reductions in theoretically important brain regions, we employed whole-brain voxel-based morphometry in a sample of 54 participants.ResultsThe severity of mild depressive symptoms, even in a subclinical population, was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, thalamus, superior temporal gyrus/temporal pole and superior frontal gyrus. A conjunction analysis revealed concordance across two separate measures of depression.ConclusionsReduced gray matter volume in theoretically important brain regions can be observed even in a sample that does not meet DSM criteria for MDD, but who nevertheless report relatively elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Overall, these findings highlight the need for additional research using dimensional conceptual and analytic approaches, as well as further investigation of subclinical populations.

scholarly journals Progressive Decrease of Left Superior Temporal Gyrus Gray Matter Volume in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoto Kasai ◽  
Martha E. Shenton ◽  
Dean F. Salisbury ◽  
Yoshio Hirayasu ◽  
Chang-Uk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Exposure to parental verbal abuse is associated with increased gray matter volume in superior temporal gyrus

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. S280-S286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Tomoda ◽  
Yi-Shin Sheu ◽  
Keren Rabi ◽  
Hanako Suzuki ◽  
Carryl P. Navalta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Age on Patterns of White and Gray Matter Volume across Childhood and Adolescence

eNeuro ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0003-15.2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Bray ◽  
Mark Krongold ◽  
Cassandra Cooper ◽  
Catherine Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Altered Gray Matter Volume, Functional Connectivity, and Degree Centrality in Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Feng ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Xin Tan ◽  
Yi Liang ◽  
Xiaomeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right ◽  
Heschl Gyrus

Background: Structural and functional brain alterations that underlie cognitive decline have been observed in elderly adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, whether these alterations can be observed in patients with early-onset T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to describe the abnormalities in brain volume and functional patterns in patients with early-onset T2DM in the present study.Methods: We enrolled 20 patients with early-onset T2DM and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Changes in brain volume were assessed using voxel-based morphology (VBM), while changes in brain function were assessed using degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC).Results: Compared to HCs, patients with early-onset T2DM exhibited gray matter reductions in the left orbital superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri as well as the right superior frontal gyrus. The gray matter reductions in the right superior frontal gyrus were negatively associated with the urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Furthermore, increased DC values were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, and left hippocampus in patients with early-onset T2DM. An FC analysis of these regions revealed elevated connectivity in the right precuneus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, bilateral post-central gyrus, bilateral insula, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral medial and paracingulate gyrus. Furthermore, the FC of the hubs to the superior temporal gyrus, insula, and Heschl gyrus was increased and positively correlated with trail making test-B.Conclusion: Decreased local gray matter volume and increased DC and FC may represent the neurobiological mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction in patients with early-onset T2DM.

scholarly journals Associations between Brain Structural Damage and Core Muscle Loss in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ying-Nong Wu ◽  
Meng-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Pi-Ling Chiang ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Lu ◽  
Hsiu-Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Matter Volume

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive gray matter atrophy. In addition to motor function disorder, frailty and decreased muscle mass potentially contribute to increased morbidity risk. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between lean muscle loss and gray matter volume (GMV) in PD patients. Methods: Thirty patients with PD and fifteen healthy controls underwent brain and bilateral thigh MRIs. The IDEAL sequence was employed, measuring the regions of interest (ROI) of fat percentage at the 50% point of femur length. Voxel-base morphometry (VBM) was used to assess regional gray matter volume differences between groups. Further correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the changes between gray matter volume and fatty percentage of the bilateral thigh after adjusting for age and gender. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to evaluate the risk factor of core muscle loss in PD patients. Results: Compared with controls, patients with PD had significantly higher thigh fat percentage and smaller gray matter volume of several brain locations of the default mode network (DMN), specifically the left superior temporal gyrus, right uncus, and left inferior temporal gyrus, revealing association with higher thigh fat percentage. Further multiple linear regression analysis indicated that higher thigh fat percentage is associated with gender (female), increased disease duration, and smaller gray matter volume of the left superior temporal gyrus and right uncus in PD patients. Conclusions: Patients with PD experience core muscle loss in the thigh, associated with default mode network (DMN) degeneration, longer disease duration, and female gender. Identification of risk factors associated with lean muscle mass loss may assist in early prevention of comorbidities such as sarcopenia.

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