Evaluation of repeated low energy impact damage in carbon–epoxy composite materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. de Morais ◽  
S.N. Monteiro ◽  
J.R.M. d'Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Impact

Low Energy Impact Damage Detection in Laminar Thermoplastic Composite Materials by Means of Embedded Optical Fibers

2005 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
A. Kojović ◽  
I. Živković ◽  
Lj. Brajović ◽  
D. Mitraković ◽  
R. Aleksić
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
The Impact

The possibility of applying optical fibers as sensors for investigation of real time low energy impact damage in laminar thermoplastic composite materials has been studied. For that purpose intensity based optical fibers were embedded in composite material specimens. Kevlar 129 (DuPont’s registered trade-mark for poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide)) woven fabric was used as reinforcement. Impact toughness testing by the Charpy impact pendulum was conducted in order to investigate low energy impacts. Transient intensity of optical signal during the impact, were compared with material crack initiation energy and crack propagation energy. Following this approach, development of damage in material was monitored. Obtained results show that intensity based optical fibers could be used as detectors for material damage appearance, and also, for level evaluation of its degradation caused by low energy impacts.

scholarly journals Damage detection in laminar thermoplastic composite materials by means of embedded optical fibers

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Kojovic ◽  
Irena Zivkovic ◽  
Ljiljana Brajovic ◽  
Dragan Mitrakovic ◽  
Radoslav Aleksic
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the possibility of applying optical fibers as sensors for investigating low energy impact damage in laminar thermoplastic composite materials, in real time. Impact toughness testing by a Charpy impact pendulum with different loads was conducted in order to determine the method for comparative measurement of the resulting damage in the material. For that purpose intensity-based optical fibers were built in to specimens of composite materials with Kevlar 129 (the DuPont registered trade-mark for poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)) woven fabric as reinforcement and thermoplastic PVB (poly(vinyl butyral)) as the matrix. In some specimens part of the layers of Kevlar was replaced with metal mesh (50% or 33% of the layers). Experimental testing was conducted in order to observe and analyze the response of the material under multiple low-energy impacts. Light from the light-emitting diode (LED) was launched to the embedded optical fiber and was propagated to the phototransistor-based photo detector. During each impact, the signal level, which is proportional to the light intensity in the optical fiber, drops and then slowly recovers. The obtained signals were analyzed to determine the appropriate method for real time damage monitoring. The major part of the damage occurs during impact. The damage reflects as a local, temporary release of strain in the optical fiber and an increase of the signal level. The obtained results show that intensity-based optical fibers could be used for measuring the damage in laminar thermoplastic composite materials. The acquired optical fiber signals depend on the type of material, but the same set of rules (relatively different, depending on the type of material) could be specified. Using real time measurement of the signal during impact and appropriate analysis enables quantitative evaluation of the impact damage in the material. Existing methods in most cases use just the intensity of the signal before and after the impact, as the measure of damage. This method could be used to monitor the damage in real time, giving warnings before fatal damage occurs.

Studying Stability of CFRP Composites to Low-Energy Impact Damage by Laser Vibrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Shpil’noi ◽  
V. P. Vavilov ◽  
D. A. Derusova ◽  
V. A. Krasnoveikin
Keyword(s):  
Impact Damage ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Laser Vibrometry ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Cfrp Composites

Damage Assessment Analysis of Composite Pressure Vessels Subjected to Random Impact Loading

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yener ◽  
E. Wolcott
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Energy Impact

At the present time, advanced composites have been widely accepted as engineering materials. Analysis techniques for the response of composite materials and structures to static loads are reasonably well established. Because of their light weight, high modulus, high strength, and good fatigue resistance, carbon fiber composites have been used successfully in the aircraft industry and rocket motor cases. However, composite materials are very susceptible to low velocity and low energy impact damage. Recently, the damage inflicted by such impact has been a subject of great interest. This paper primarily illustrates that it is possible to quantitatively assess damage due to any type of unexpected loading, including impact, using progressive failure finite element analysis.

A universal NDT method for examination of low energy impact damage in CFRP with the use of TLC film

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Strugała ◽  
M. Klugmann ◽  
M. Landowski ◽  
M. Szkodo ◽  
D. Mikielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Impact Damage ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Impact

Low Energy Impact Damage Modes in Aluminum Foam and Polymer Foam Sandwich Structures

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Compston ◽  
Millicent Styles ◽  
Shankar Kalyanasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Polymer Foam ◽  
Energy Impact

Benefits and Risks in the Use of Composite Materials in Solar Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 754 ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Maglio ◽  
Felipe Vannucchi de Camargo ◽  
Marisa Raquel Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vehicle Architecture ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
World Class ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Research Centres

Embodying the contemporary concern for eco-friendly mobility alternatives, solar vehicles have been developed and perfected in an exponential rate for the last two decades; powered by the supports from industry and research centres and the realization of world-class race competitions. Given the engineering complexity embraced by such state-of-the-art emergent technology, design challenges have been constantly arising for a successful and efficient vehicle architecture, mainly involved by the need for lightweight and resistant materials, which has been so forth supplied by composites. The application of such materials has been addressed both to decrease the overall weight of the vehicle, providing an enhanced energy efficiency, and for manufacturing structural parts granting high resistance and safety. Thus, emphasizing the importance of a proper knowledge on the behaviour of composites, this work aims at reviewing studies upon some static and dynamic mechanical properties, focusing on low-energy impact, damage evolution and failure characterization, with glances at sustainability; comparing composite materials with different fibre reinforcements and narrowing such analysis to actual known applications in solar cars.

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