Muscle-derived nitric oxide synthase expression, differences associated with muscle fiber-type, and disease susceptibility in a rat model of myasthenia gravis

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Krolick
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fiber Type ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Impaired pulmonary artery contractile responses in a rat model of microgravity: role of nitric oxide

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nyhan ◽  
Soonyul Kim ◽  
Stacey Dunbar ◽  
Dechun Li ◽  
Artin Shoukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Vascular contractile hyporesponsiveness is an important mechanism underlying orthostatic intolerance after microgravity. Baroreceptor reflexes can modulate both pulmonary resistance and capacitance function and thus cardiac output. We hypothesized, therefore, that pulmonary vasoreactivity is impaired in the hindlimb-unweighted (HLU) rat model of microgravity. Pulmonary artery (PA) contractile responses to phenylephrine (PE) and U-46619 (U4) were significantly decreased in the PAs from HLU vs. control (C) animals. N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10−5 M) enhanced the contractile responses in the PA rings from both C and HLU animals and completely abolished the differential responses to PE and U4 in HLU vs. C animals. Vasorelaxant responses to ACh were significantly enhanced in PA rings from HLU rats compared with C. Moreover, vasorelaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside were also significantly enhanced. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and soluble guanlyl cyclase expression were significantly enhanced in PA and lung tissue from HLU rats. In marked contrast, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was unchanged in lung tissue. These data support the hypothesis that vascular contractile responsiveness is attenuated in PAs from HLU rats and that this hyporesponsiveness is due at least in part to increased nitric oxide synthase activity resulting from enhanced eNOS expression. These findings may have important implications for blood volume distribution and attenuated stroke volume responses to orthostatic stress after microgravity exposure.

Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Reduces Bacterial Translocation in a Rat Model of Acute Pancreatitis

Pancreas ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Simsek ◽  
Mehmet Refik ◽  
Mehmet Yasar ◽  
Mustafa Ozyurt ◽  
Ugur Saglamkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

scholarly journals Nitric oxide synthase in the rat spinotrapezius muscle related to fiber type

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas Yannaccone ◽  
Mary Shall ◽  
Paul Ratz ◽  
Amy Miner ◽  
Bjorn Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on macro- and microcirculation in a model of rat endotoxic shock

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (04) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni Pullamsetti ◽  
Daniel Maring ◽  
Hossein Ghofrani ◽  
Konstantin Mayer ◽  
Norbert Weissmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Nos Inhibitors ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Lactate Acidosis ◽  
Oxide Synthase

SummaryTreatment of hemodynamic instability in septic shock often demands the administration of vasopressor agents, although these may have deleterious effects on microcirculatory homeostasis. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been suggested as an alternative therapeutic approach, as NO formation may be excessively increased in sepsis. To compare the effects of epinephrine titration, non-selective NOS inhibition by L-NMMA and selective inhibition of inducible NOS (iNOS) by 1400W on hemodynamics and on the regulation of microcirculation in a rat model of endotoxic shock, we intravenously injected endotoxin (LPS) or saline to male Wist ar rats and after 2 hours randomized LPS treated rats into four different groups that received either saline, norepinephrine, L-NMMA or 1400W (n=6 per group). Three hours after LPS administration, rats presented with severe systemic arterial hypotension (64 ± 3 vs. 115 ± 4 mmHg, p<0.001), unresponsiveness to volume treatment, lactate acidosis and a marked increase in plasmatic nitrite and nitrate levels (15 ±8 vs. 263 ± 47 µM, p<0.001). Measurement of the tissue oxygenation in the ileum mucosal layer by the Erlangen micro-lightguide spectrophotometer (EMPHO) technique demonstrated marked heterogeneity of hemoglobin saturation, with appearance of low oxygenated areas. Norepinephrine, usually stabilizing blood pressure (99 ±7 vs. 67 ±4 mmHg 60 min after infusion, p<0.01), increased lactate formation (7.9± 0.2 vs. 3.7 ± 0.5 mM, p<0.001) and drastically increased low oxygenated regions in the ileum mucosal layer. L-NMMA similarly increased blood pressure (92 ±6 vs. 67 ±4 mmHg 60 min after infusion, p<0.05), but did not enhance lactate acidosis. However, some further deterioration of mucosa oxygenation was again noted. 1400W forwarded stabilization of blood pressure (88 ± 5 vs. 67 ±4 mmHg 60 min after injection, p<0.05), reduced plasmatic nitrite and nitrate levels similar to L-NMMA, without an aggravation of lactate acidosis. In addition, mucosal oxygenation did not deteriorate in response to this agent. Thereby, we conclude that in a rat model of endotoxic shock selective iNOS inhibitors are superior to non-specific NOS inhibitors and in particular to norepinephrine for the treatment of macro-and microcirculatory abnormalities in experimental septic shock.

Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in normal ventilatory and limb muscles

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah N. A. Hussain ◽  
Qasim El-Dwairi ◽  
Mohammed N. Abdul-Hussain ◽  
Dalia Sakkal
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Nos Inhibitors ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution ◽  
Neuronal Nos ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nos Isoforms

Hussain, Sabah N. A., Qasim El-Dwairi, Mohammed N. Abdul-Hussain, and Dalia Sakkal. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in normal ventilatory and limb muscles. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 348–353, 1997.—Nitric oxide (NO), an important messenger molecule with widespread actions, is synthesized by NO synthases (NOS). In this study, we investigated the correlation between fiber type and NOS activity among ventilatory and limb muscles of various species. We also assessed the presence of the three NOS isoforms in normal skeletal muscles and how various NOS inhibitors influence muscle NOS activity. NOS activity was detected in various muscles; however, NOS activity in rabbits and rats varied significantly among different muscles. Immunoblotting of muscle samples indicated the presence of both the neuronal NOS and the endothelial NOS isoforms but not the cytokine-inducible NOS isoform. However, these isoforms were expressed to different degrees in various muscles. Although the neuronal NOS isoform was detectable in the canine diaphragm, very weak expression was detected in rabbit, rat, and mouse diaphragms. The endothelial NOS isoform was detected in the rat and mouse diaphragms but not in the canine and rabbit diaphragms. We also found that N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, 7-nitroindazole, and S-methylisothiourea were stronger inhibitors of muscle NOS activity than was aminoguanidine. These results indicate the presence of different degrees of constitutive NOS expression in normal ventilatory and limb muscles of various species. Our data also indicate that muscle NOS activity is not determined by fiber type distribution but by other not yet identified factors. The functional significance of this expression remains to be assessed.

Glial activation is associated with l-DOPA induced dyskinesia and blocked by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariza Bortolanza ◽  
Roberta Cavalcanti-Kiwiatkoski ◽  
Fernando E. Padovan-Neto ◽  
Célia Aparecida da-Silva ◽  
Miso Mitkovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Glial Activation ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Oxide Synthase

scholarly journals Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Pain-Related Behaviours and Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Han ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Ling-xin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Withdrawal Threshold ◽  
Withdrawal Latency ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nos

BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain is complex, and a satisfactory therapeutic method of treatment has yet to be developed; therefore, finding a new and effective therapeutic method is an important issue in the field of neuropathic pain.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on pain-related behaviours and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in a rat model of neuropathic pain.METHODS: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (eight rats per group) including control, sham operation, sciatic nerve with chronic constriction injury (CCI), HBO pretreatment (pre-HBO) and HBO post-treatment (post-HBO) groups. Pain-related behaviours and NOS expression in the spinal cord were compared among the five groups.RESULTS: Compared with the CCI group, the mechanical withdrawal threshold was significantly increased and thermal withdrawal latency was significantly extended in the pre-HBO and post-HBO groups (all P<0.05). After CCI, expression of spinal neuronal NOS and inducible NOS were increased. Expression of spinal neuronal NOS and inducible NOS were significantly decreased in the pre-HBO and post-HBO groups compared with the CCI group (all P<0.05). Spinal eNOS expression changed very little.DISCUSSION: HBO has been used as an effective and noninvasive method for the treatment of spinal cord injuries and high-altitude sickness, and in immunosuppression and stem-cell research; however, it has yet to be applied to the treatment of neuropathic pain. The present study indicated that HBO effectively increased mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency, demonstrating that HBO has therapeutic effects on neuropathic pain.CONCLUSION: HBO inhibits pain in rats with CCI through the regulation of spinal NOS expression.

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