Exogenous substances regulate silkworm fat body protein synthesis through MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Tian ◽  
B. Xue ◽  
J.H. Hu ◽  
J.X. Li ◽  
X.Y. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Exogenous Substances

Inhibition of molting of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, by the nematode parasite Mermis nigrescens

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1535-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Craig ◽  
J. M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Body Protein

The older the host (Schistocerca gregaria) at infection, the greater the burden of parasitic Mermis nigrescens required to inhibit the next-but-one molt. Mermithid parasitism caused no change in ecdysone level in the host, but did cause a decrease in fat body protein synthesis. The effect of this decrease on host molting is discussed.

Biological role of AKT, and regulation of AKT signaling pathway by thymoquinone: perspectives in cancer therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Junaid ◽  
Yeasmin Akter ◽  
Syeda Samira Afrose ◽  
Mousumi Tania ◽  
Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Anti Cancer

Background: AKT/PKB is an important enzyme with numerous biological functions, and its overexpression is related to the carcinogenesis. AKT stimulates different signaling pathways that are downstream of activated tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, hence functions as an important target for anti-cancer drugs. Objective: In this review article, we have interpreted the role of AKT signaling pathways in cancer and natural inhibitory effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) in AKT and its possible mechanism. Method: We have collected the updated information and data on AKT, their role in cancer and inhibitory effect of TQ in AKT signaling pathway from google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Scopus and many more. Results: There are many drugs already developed, which can target AKT, but very few among them have passed clinical trials. TQ is a natural compound, mainly found in black cumin, which has been found to have potential anti-cancer activities. TQ targets numerous signaling pathways, including AKT, in different cancers. In fact, many studies revealed that AKT is one of the major targets of TQ. The preclinical success of TQ suggests its clinical studies on cancer. Conclusion: This review article summarizes the role of AKT in carcinogenesis, its potent inhibitors in clinical trials, and how TQ acts as an inhibitor of AKT and TQ’s future as a cancer therapeutic drug.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein on energy metabolism including protein synthesis in the spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyao Wang ◽  
Chris G. Carter ◽  
Quinn P. Fitzgibbon ◽  
Basseer M. Codabaccus ◽  
Gregory G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Sagmariasus Verreauxi

AbstractThis is the first study in an aquatic ectotherm to combine a stoichiometric bioenergetic approach with an endpoint stochastic model to explore dietary macronutrient content. The combination of measuring respiratory gas (O2 and CO2) exchange, nitrogenous (ammonia and urea) excretion, specific dynamic action (SDA), metabolic energy substrate use, and whole-body protein synthesis in spiny lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi, was examined in relation to dietary protein. Three isoenergetic feeds were formulated with varying crude protein: 40%, 50% and 60%, corresponding to CP40, CP50 and CP60 treatments, respectively. Total CO2 and ammonia excretion, SDA magnitude and coefficient, and protein synthesis in the CP60 treatment were higher compared to the CP40 treatment. These differences demonstrate dietary protein influences post-prandial energy metabolism. Metabolic use of each major energy substrate varied at different post-prandial times, indicating suitable amounts of high-quality protein with major non-protein energy-yielding nutrients, lipid and carbohydrate, are critical for lobsters. The average contribution of protein oxidation was lowest in the CP50 treatment, suggesting mechanisms underlying the most efficient retention of dietary protein and suitable dietary inclusion. This study advances understanding of how deficient and surplus dietary protein affects energy metabolism and provides approaches for fine-scale feed evaluation to support sustainable aquaculture.

Effect of dietary protein on bed-rest-related changes in whole-body-protein synthesis

1990 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Stuart ◽  
R E Shangraw ◽  
E J Peters ◽  
R R Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein

scholarly journals Akt signaling is activated by TGFβ2 and impacts tenogenic induction of mesenchymal stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia K. Theodossiou ◽  
Jett B. Murray ◽  
LeeAnn A. Hold ◽  
Jeff M. Courtright ◽  
Anne M. Carper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Akt Inhibitor ◽  
Tenogenic Differentiation

Abstract Background Tissue engineered and regenerative approaches for treating tendon injuries are challenged by the limited information on the cellular signaling pathways driving tenogenic differentiation of stem cells. Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) β family, particularly TGFβ2, play a role in tenogenesis, which may proceed via Smad-mediated signaling. However, recent evidence suggests some aspects of tenogenesis may be independent of Smad signaling, and other pathways potentially involved in tenogenesis are understudied. Here, we examined the role of Akt/mTORC1/P70S6K signaling in early TGFβ2-induced tenogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and evaluated TGFβ2-induced tenogenic differentiation when Smad3 is inhibited. Methods Mouse MSCs were treated with TGFβ2 to induce tenogenesis, and Akt or Smad3 signaling was chemically inhibited using the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, or the Smad3 inhibitor, SIS3. Effects of TGFβ2 alone and in combination with these inhibitors on the activation of Akt signaling and its downstream targets mTOR and P70S6K were quantified using western blot analysis, and cell morphology was assessed using confocal microscopy. Levels of the tendon marker protein, tenomodulin, were also assessed. Results TGFβ2 alone activated Akt signaling during early tenogenic induction. Chemically inhibiting Akt prevented increases in tenomodulin and attenuated tenogenic morphology of the MSCs in response to TGFβ2. Chemically inhibiting Smad3 did not prevent tenogenesis, but appeared to accelerate it. MSCs treated with both TGFβ2 and SIS3 produced significantly higher levels of tenomodulin at 7 days and morphology appeared tenogenic, with localized cell alignment and elongation. Finally, inhibiting Smad3 did not appear to impact Akt signaling, suggesting that Akt may allow TGFβ2-induced tenogenesis to proceed during disruption of Smad3 signaling. Conclusions These findings show that Akt signaling plays a role in TGFβ2-induced tenogenesis and that tenogenesis of MSCs can be initiated by TGFβ2 during disruption of Smad3 signaling. These findings provide new insights into the signaling pathways that regulate tenogenic induction in stem cells.

scholarly journals Retraction Note: Chemopreventive Potential of Resveratrol in Mouse Skin Tumors Through Regulation of Mitochondrial and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-375
Author(s):  
Preeti Roy ◽  
Neetu Kalra ◽  
Sahdeo Prasad ◽  
Jasmine George ◽  
Yogeshwer Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Skin Tumors

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of post-prandial protein handling by the application of intrinsically labelled protein in vivo in human subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jorn Trommelen ◽  
Andrew M. Holwerda ◽  
Philippe J. M. Pinckaers ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein

All human tissues are in a constant state of remodelling, regulated by the balance between tissue protein synthesis and breakdown rates. It has been well-established that protein ingestion stimulates skeletal muscle and whole-body protein synthesis. Stable isotope-labelled amino acid methodologies are commonly applied to assess the various aspects of protein metabolism in vivo in human subjects. However, to achieve a more comprehensive assessment of post-prandial protein handling in vivo in human subjects, intravenous stable isotope-labelled amino acid infusions can be combined with the ingestion of intrinsically labelled protein and the collection of blood and muscle tissue samples. The combined application of ingesting intrinsically labelled protein with continuous intravenous stable isotope-labelled amino acid infusion allows the simultaneous assessment of protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics (e.g. release of dietary protein-derived amino acids into the circulation), whole-body protein metabolism (whole-body protein synthesis, breakdown and oxidation rates and net protein balance) and skeletal muscle metabolism (muscle protein fractional synthesis rates and dietary protein-derived amino acid incorporation into muscle protein). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various aspects of post-prandial protein handling and metabolism with a focus on insights obtained from studies that have applied intrinsically labelled protein under a variety of conditions in different populations.

Brown alga Ecklonia cava attenuates type 1 diabetes by activating AMPK and Akt signaling pathways

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changkeun Kang ◽  
Yeung Bae Jin ◽  
Hyunkyoung Lee ◽  
Mijin Cha ◽  
Eun-tae Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Ecklonia Cava

Contribution of Skin to Whole-Body Protein Synthesis in Rats at Different Stages of Maturity

1992 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 2167-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Obled ◽  
Maurice Arnal
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein
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