scholarly journals Prostaglandin E2-EP4 Axis Promotes Lipolysis and Fibrosis in Adipose Tissue Leading to Ectopic Fat Deposition and Insulin Resistance

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 108265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Inazumi ◽  
Kiyotaka Yamada ◽  
Naritoshi Shirata ◽  
Hiroyasu Sato ◽  
Yoshitaka Taketomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Ectopic Fat Deposition

scholarly journals Unsupervised Exercise Training Was Not Found to Improve the Metabolic Health or Phenotype over a 6-Month Dietary Intervention: A Randomised Controlled Trial with an Embedded Economic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8004
Author(s):  
Wendy Hens ◽  
Dirk Vissers ◽  
Nick Verhaeghe ◽  
Jan Gielen ◽  
Luc Van Gaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Ectopic Fat Deposition

Ectopic fat leads to metabolic health problems. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of a hypocaloric diet intervention together with an unsupervised exercise training program in comparison with a hypocaloric diet alone to reduce ectopic fat deposition. Sixty-one premenopausal women with overweight or obesity participated in this controlled trial and were each randomised into either a usual care group (hypocaloric diet) or intervention group (hypocaloric diet + unsupervised exercise training). Ectopic fat deposition, metabolic parameters, incremental costs from a societal perspective and incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were assessed before, during and after the six-month intervention period. In the total sample, there was a significant decrease in visceral adipose tissue (VAT: −18.88 cm², 95% CI −11.82 to −25.95), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT: −46.74 cm², 95% CI −29.76 to −63.18), epicardial fat (ECF: −14.50 cm³, 95% CI −10.9 to −18.98) and intrahepatic lipid content (IHL: −3.53%, 95% CI −1.72 to −5.32). Consequently, an “adapted” economic analysis revealed a non-significant decrease in costs and an increase in QALYs after the intervention. No significant differences were found between groups. A multidisciplinary lifestyle approach seems successful in reducing ectopic fat deposition and improving the metabolic risk profile in women with overweight and obesity. The addition of unsupervised exercise training did not further improve the metabolic health or phenotype over the six months.

Phenotypical heterogeneity linked to adipose tissue dysfunction in patients with Type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (19) ◽  
pp. 1753-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Barchetta ◽  
Francesco Angelico ◽  
Maria Del Ben ◽  
Michele Di Martino ◽  
Flavia Agata Cimini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation leads to increased free fatty acid (FFA) efflux and ectopic fat deposition, but whether AT dysfunction drives selective fat accumulation in specific sites remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between AT dysfunction, hepatic/pancreatic fat fraction (HFF, PFF) and the associated metabolic phenotype in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sixty-five consecutive T2D patients were recruited at the Diabetes Centre of Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. The study population underwent clinical examination and blood sampling for routine biochemistry and calculation of insulin secretion [homoeostasis model assessment of insulin secretion (HOMA-β%)] and insulin-resistance [homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance (ADIPO-IR)] indexes. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) AT area, HFF and PFF were determined by magnetic resonance. Some 55.4% of T2D patients had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); they were significantly younger and more insulin-resistant than non-NAFLD subjects. ADIPO-IR was the main determinant of HFF independently of age, sex, HOMA-IR, VAT, SAT and predicted severe NAFLD with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)=0.796 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–0.94, P=0.001). PFF was independently associated with increased total adiposity but did not correlate with AT dysfunction, insulin resistance and secretion or NAFLD. The ADIPO-IR index was capable of predicting NAFLD independently of all confounders, whereas it did not seem to be related to intrapancreatic fat deposition; unlike HFF, higher PFF was not associated with relevant alterations in the metabolic profile. In conclusion, the presence and severity of AT dysfunction may drive ectopic fat accumulation towards specific targets, such as VAT and liver, therefore evaluation of AT dysfunction may contribute to the identification of different risk profiles among T2D patients.

scholarly journals Effect of 8 Weeks of Overfeeding on Ectopic Fat Deposition and Insulin Sensitivity: Testing the “Adipose Tissue Expandability” Hypothesis

Diabetes Care ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2789-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy L. Johannsen ◽  
Yourka Tchoukalova ◽  
Charmaine S. Tam ◽  
Jeffrey D. Covington ◽  
Wenting Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Ectopic Fat Deposition ◽  
Adipose Tissue Expandability

scholarly journals Duodenal adipose tissue is associated with obesity in baboons (Papio sp): a novel site of ectopic fat deposition in non-human primates

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Higgins ◽  
Franco Folli ◽  
Marcia C. R. Andrade ◽  
Jaydee Foster ◽  
Vicki Mattern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Ectopic Fat Deposition

scholarly journals Roles of Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in the Development of Ectopic Fat Deposition

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Liu ◽  
Mei Mei ◽  
Shumin Yang ◽  
Qifu Li
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Ectopic Fat Deposition ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Pattern of fat distribution is a major determinant for metabolic homeostasis. As a depot of energy, the storage of triglycerides in adipose tissue contributes to the normal fat distribution. Decreased capacity of fat storage in adipose tissue may result in ectopic fat deposition in nonadipose tissues such as liver, pancreas, and kidney. As a critical biomarker of metabolic complications, chronic low-grade inflammation may have the ability to affect the process of lipid accumulation and further lead to the disorder of fat distribution. In this review, we have collected the evidence linking inflammation with ectopic fat deposition to get a better understanding of the underlying mechanism, which may provide us with novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.

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