scholarly journals A Pixel-Encoder Retinal Ganglion Cell with Spatially Offset Excitatory and Inhibitory Receptive Fields

Cell Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1462-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith P. Johnson ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Daniel Kerschensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

scholarly journals Distinct subcomponents of mouse retinal ganglion cell receptive fields are differentially altered by light adaptation

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron S. Cowan ◽  
Jasdeep Sabharwal ◽  
Robert L. Seilheimer ◽  
Samuel M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

Haphazard Wiring of Simple Receptive Fields and Orientation Columns in Visual Cortex

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 468-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario L. Ringach
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Simple Cells ◽  
Orientation Map ◽  
Orientation Columns

The receptive fields of simple cells in visual cortex are composed of elongated on and off subregions. This spatial arrangement is widely thought to be responsible for the generation of orientation selectivity. Neurons with similar orientation preferences cluster in “columns” that tile the cortical surface and form a map of orientation selectivity. It has been proposed that simple cell receptive fields are constructed by the selective pooling of geniculate receptive fields aligned in space. A recent analysis of monosynaptic connections between geniculate and cortical neurons appears to reveal the existence of “wiring rules” that are in accordance with the classical model. The precise origin of the orientation map is unknown, but both genetic and activity-dependent processes are thought to contribute. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that statistical sampling from the retinal ganglion cell mosaic may contribute to the generation of simple cells and provide a blueprint for orientation columns. Results from computer simulations show that the “haphazard wiring” model is consistent with data on the probability of monosynaptic connections and generates orientation columns and maps resembling those found in the cortex. The haphazard wiring hypothesis could be tested by measuring the correlation between the orientation map and the structure of the retinal ganglion cell mosaic of the contralateral eye.

scholarly journals Interspike Interval Analysis of Retinal Ganglion Cell Receptive Fields

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Rathbun ◽  
Henry J. Alitto ◽  
Theodore G. Weyand ◽  
W. Martin Usrey
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Noise Stimulus ◽  
Reverse Correlation Analysis

The interspike interval (ISI) preceding a retinal spike has a strong influence on whether retinal spikes will drive postsynaptic responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). This ISI-based filtering of retinal spikes could, in principle, be used as a mechanism for processing visual information en route from retina to cortex; however, this form of processing has not been previously explored. Using a white noise stimulus and reverse correlation analysis, we compared the receptive fields associated with retinal spikes over a range of ISIs (0–120 ms). Results showed that, although the location and sign of retinal ganglion cell receptive fields are invariant to ISI, the size and amplitude of receptive fields vary with ISI. These results support the notion that ISI-based filtering of retinal spikes can serve as a mechanism for shaping receptive fields.

scholarly journals Unusual physiological properties of two ganglion cell types in primate retina

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen E. Rhoades ◽  
Nishal P. Shah ◽  
Michael B. Manookin ◽  
Nora Brackbill ◽  
Alexandra Kling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Physiological Properties

SummaryThe visual functions of the diverse retinal ganglion cell types in the primate retina, and the parallel visual pathways they initiate, remain poorly understood. Here, the unusual physiological and computational properties of the ON and OFF smooth monostratified (SM) ganglion cells are explored. Large-scale multi-electrode recordings from 48 macaque retinas revealed that these cells exhibited strikingly irregular receptive field structure composed of spatially segregated hotspots, quite different from the receptive fields of previously described retinal ganglion cell types. The ON and OFF SM cells are paired cell types, but OFF SM cells exhibited stronger hotspot structure than ON cells. Targeted visual stimulation and computational inference demonstrate strong nonlinear subunit properties of each hotspot that contributed to the signaling properties of SM cells. Analysis of shared inputs to neighboring SM cells indicated that each hotspot could not be explained by an individual presynaptic input. Surprisingly, visual stimulation of different hotspots produced subtly different spatiotemporal spike waveforms in the same SM cell, consistent with a dendritic contribution to hotspot structure. These findings point to a previously unreported nonlinear mechanism in the output of the primate retina that contributes to signaling spatial information.

The Hermann Grid Illusion Revisited

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5447 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Schiller ◽  
Christina E Carvey
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Cell Theory ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Illusory Effect ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
Hermann Grid Illusion

The Hermann grid illusion consists of smudges perceived at the intersections of a white grid presented on a black background. In 1960 the effect was first explained by a theory advanced by Baumgartner suggesting the illusory effect is due to differences in the discharge characteristics of retinal ganglion cells when their receptive fields fall along the intersections versus when they fall along non-intersecting regions of the grid. Since then, others have claimed that this theory might not be adequate, suggesting that a model based on cortical mechanisms is necessary [Lingelbach et al, 1985 Perception14(1) A7; Spillmann, 1994 Perception23 691–708; Geier et al, 2004 Perception33 Supplement, 53; Westheimer, 2004 Vision Research44 2457–2465]. We present in this paper the following evidence to show that the retinal ganglion cell theory is untenable: (i) varying the makeup of the grid in a manner that does not materially affect the putative differential responses of the ganglion cells can reduce or eliminate the illusory effect; (ii) varying the grid such as to affect the putative differential responses of the ganglion cells does not eliminate the illusory effect; and (iii) the actual spatial layout of the retinal ganglion cell receptive fields is other than that assumed by the theory. To account for the Hermann grid illusion we propose an alternative theory according to which the illusory effect is brought about by the manner in which S1 type simple cells (as defined by Schiller et al, 1976 Journal of Neurophysiology39 1320–1333) in primary visual cortex respond to the grid. This theory adequately handles many of the facts delineated in this paper.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of retinal ganglion cells using tailored nonlinear modeling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Shi ◽  
Pranjal Gupta ◽  
Alexandra Boukhvalova ◽  
Joshua H. Singer ◽  
Daniel A. Butts
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Cell Responses

AbstractThere are 20-50 functionally- and anatomically-distinct ganglion cell types in the mammalian retina; each type encodes a unique feature of the visual world and conveys it via action potentials to the brain. Individual ganglion cells receive input from unique presynaptic retinal circuits, and the characteristic patterns of light-evoked action potentials in each ganglion cell type therefore reflect computations encoded in synaptic input and in postsynaptic signal integration and spike generation. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of tools for characterizing retinal ganglion cell computation. Therefore, we developed a statistical model, the separable Nonlinear Input Model, capable of characterizing the large array of distinct computations reflected in retinal ganglion cell spiking. We recorded ganglion cell responses to a correlated noise (“cloud”) stimulus designed to accentuate the important features of retinal processing in an in vitro preparation of mouse retina and found that this model accurately predicted ganglion cell responses at high spatiotemporal resolution. It identified multiple receptive fields (RFs) reflecting the main excitatory and suppressive components of the response of each neuron. Most significantly, our model succeeds where others fail, accurately identifying ON-OFF cells and segregating their distinct ON and OFF selectivity and demonstrating the presence of different types of suppressive receptive fields. In total, our computational approach offers rich description of ganglion cell computation and sets a foundation for relating retinal computation to retinal circuitry.

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