Functional role of efferents to the avian retina. I. Analysis of retinal ganglion cell receptive fields

1976 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Pearlman ◽  
Charles P. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Avian Retina

Critical role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced retinal ganglion cell death

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Himori ◽  
Kotaro Yamamoto ◽  
Kazuichi Maruyama ◽  
Morin Ryu ◽  
Keiko Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell Death ◽  
Ganglion Cell Death

scholarly journals Decreased TNF Levels and Improved Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in MMP-2 Null Mice Suggest a Role for MMP-2 as TNF Sheddase

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies De Groef ◽  
Manuel Salinas-Navarro ◽  
Griet Van Imschoot ◽  
Claude Libert ◽  
Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell Death ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival ◽  
Ganglion Cell Death

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been designated as both friend and foe in the central nervous system (CNS): while being involved in many neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, their actions appear to be indispensable to a healthy CNS. Pathological conditions in the CNS are therefore often related to imbalanced MMP activities and disturbances of the complex MMP-dependent protease network. Likewise, in the retina, various studies in animal models and human patients suggested MMPs to be involved in glaucoma. In this study, we sought to determine the spatiotemporal expression profile of MMP-2 in the excitotoxic retina and to unravel its role during glaucoma pathogenesis. We reveal that intravitreal NMDA injection induces MMP-2 expression to be upregulated in the Müller glia. Moreover, MMP-2 null mice display attenuated retinal ganglion cell death upon excitotoxic insult to the retina, which is accompanied by normal glial reactivity, yet reduced TNF levels. Hence, we propose a novelin vivofunction for MMP-2, as an activating sheddase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Given the pivotal role of TNF as a proinflammatory cytokine and neurodegeneration-exacerbating mediator, these findings generate important novel insights into the pathological processes contributing to glaucomatous neurodegeneration and into the interplay of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS.

Properties of stimulus-dependent synchrony in retinal ganglion cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSMITA CHATTERJEE ◽  
DAVID K. MERWINE ◽  
FRANKLIN R. AMTHOR ◽  
NORBERTO M. GRZYWACZ
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Rabbit Retina ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Spike Synchrony ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Dependent Correlation

Neighboring retinal ganglion cells often spike synchronously, but the possible function and mechanism of this synchrony is unclear. Recently, the strength of the fast correlation between ON-OFF directionally selective cells of the rabbit retina was shown to be stimulus dependent. Here, we extend that study, investigating stimulus-dependent correlation among multiple ganglion-cell classes, using multi-electrode recordings. Our results generalized those for directionally selective cells. All cell pairs exhibiting significant spike synchrony did it for an extended edge but rarely for full-field stimuli. The strength of this synchrony did not depend on the amplitude of the response and correlations could be present even when the cells' receptive fields did not overlap. In addition, correlations tended to be orientation selective in a manner predictable by the relative positions of the receptive fields. Finally, extended edges and full-field stimuli produced significantly greater and smaller correlations than predicted by chance respectively. We propose an amacrine-network model for the enhancement and depression of correlation. Such an apparently purposeful control of correlation adds evidence for retinal synchrony playing a functional role in vision.

scholarly journals Distinct subcomponents of mouse retinal ganglion cell receptive fields are differentially altered by light adaptation

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron S. Cowan ◽  
Jasdeep Sabharwal ◽  
Robert L. Seilheimer ◽  
Samuel M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Retinal Ganglion
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