scholarly journals Epigenetic Reprogramming of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Skeletal Muscle Cells and Generation of Contractile Myospheres

Cell Reports ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Albini ◽  
Paula Coutinho ◽  
Barbora Malecova ◽  
Lorenzo Giordani ◽  
Alex Savchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells

Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles Direct Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells Into Skeletal Muscle Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tannaz Norizadeh-Abbariki ◽  
Omid Mashinchian ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar ◽  
Nooshin Haghighipour ◽  
Tapas Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Direct Differentiation

scholarly journals Towards the Maturation and Characterization of Smooth Muscle Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e17771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Vazão ◽  
Ricardo Pires das Neves ◽  
Mário Grãos ◽  
Lino Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Kodaka ◽  
Gemachu Rabu ◽  
Atsushi Asakura
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Induction

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells including skeletal muscle cells. The approach of converting ESCs/iPSCs into skeletal muscle cells offers hope for patients afflicted with the skeletal muscle diseases such as the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Patient-derived iPSCs are an especially ideal cell source to obtain an unlimited number of myogenic cells that escape immune rejection after engraftment. Currently, there are several approaches to induce differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs to skeletal muscle. A key to the generation of skeletal muscle cells from ESCs/iPSCs is the mimicking of embryonic mesodermal induction followed by myogenic induction. Thus, current approaches of skeletal muscle cell induction of ESCs/iPSCs utilize techniques including overexpression of myogenic transcription factors such as MyoD or Pax3, using small molecules to induce mesodermal cells followed by myogenic progenitor cells, and utilizing epigenetic myogenic memory existing in muscle cell-derived iPSCs. This review summarizes the current methods used in myogenic differentiation and highlights areas of recent improvement.

Myogenic Developmental Potential of Hemangioblasts Derived from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1702-1702
Author(s):  
Michael J. Burke ◽  
Patrick Kennedy ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Devang Bhatt ◽  
William T. Tse
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Developmental Potential

Abstract The hemangioblast, the progenitor common to hematopoetic and endothelial lineages, expresses the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor flk-1 on its surface. Based on lineage-tracking studies indicating that skeletal muscle cells are derived from flk-1-expressing precursors (Sato et al. Genesis35:153–159, 2003), we tested the hypothesis that the hemangioblast is also a progenitor to the muscle lineage. We studied the development of skeletal muscle progentiors from mouse embryonic stem cells cultured in suspension to form embryoid bodies (EB). These EB were harvested at different time points, disaggregated into single cells and analyzed by flow cytometry. After 10–18 days of culture, the EB contained abundant cells that expressed α7-integrin, a skeletal muscle-specific cell surface antigen. Immunofluorescence microscopic study of sorted and cytospun α7-integrin-positive cells from EB revealed positive staining with MyoD, sarcomeric α-actinin and desmin antibodies, indicating that they were bona fide muscle cells. To test if these muscle cells were derived from hemangioblasts, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing EB were collected at day 4 of development, disaggregated into single cells and replated in methylcellulose medium with the addition of VEGF, stem cell factor and thrombopoietin. After 5 days in methylcellulose culture, clusters of loosely aggregated cells appeared. These cells have features characteristic of hemangioblasts and exhibit large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios. The hemangioblast colonies were individually picked, diaggregated into single cells and plated with a myoblastic cell line (C2C12 cells) in media containing 10% fetal calf serum. Co-culturing of the hemangioblasts with a myoblastic feeder layer was designed to provide the environmental signals necessary for myogenic development. After 48 hours, the co-culture medium was changed to 2% serum to promote muscle differentiation. Three days later, the plates were fixed and analyzed. A small number of GFP-expressing cells assumed an elongated, multinucleated, myofiber-like appearance and stained positiviely for skeletal muscle markers α7-integrin and desmin. We next tested the myogenic potential of hemangioblasts in vivo. The tibialis anterior muscles of C57BL/6 mice were injected with cardiotoxin, a protein kinase inhibitor that depolarizes muscle fibers and induces muscle regeneration. After two days, hemangioblast colonies were picked from methylcellulose culture and injected into the regenerating muscles. Occasional GFP-expressing fibers that stained positive for desmin were seen when analyzed several weeks post-injection. These results indicate that the hemangioblast may be a progenitor not only to hematopoetic and endothelial lineages, but also to skeletal muscle. Future experiments include investigating the significance and mechanism of the hemangioblast’s development into muscle and explore the role of cell-cell fusion in this phenomenon.

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