scholarly journals The Set1 Methyltransferase Opposes Ipl1 Aurora Kinase Functions in Chromosome Segregation

Cell ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Wenchu Lin ◽  
John A. Latham ◽  
Gary M. Riefler ◽  
Jill M. Schumacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Aurora Kinase

scholarly journals The aurora kinase AIR-2 functions in the release of chromosome cohesion in Caenorhabditis elegans meiosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Rogers ◽  
John D. Bishop ◽  
James A. Waddle ◽  
Jill M. Schumacher ◽  
Rueyling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Aurora B ◽  
Localization Pattern ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Major Amino Acid

Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires not only the establishment, but also the precise, regulated release of chromosome cohesion. Chromosome dynamics during meiosis are more complicated, because homologues separate at anaphase I whereas sister chromatids remain attached until anaphase II. How the selective release of chromosome cohesion is regulated during meiosis remains unclear. We show that the aurora-B kinase AIR-2 regulates the selective release of chromosome cohesion during Caenorhabditis elegans meiosis. AIR-2 localizes to subchromosomal regions corresponding to last points of contact between homologues in metaphase I and between sister chromatids in metaphase II. Depletion of AIR-2 by RNA interference (RNAi) prevents chromosome separation at both anaphases, with concomitant prevention of meiotic cohesin REC-8 release from meiotic chromosomes. We show that AIR-2 phosphorylates REC-8 at a major amino acid in vitro. Interestingly, depletion of two PP1 phosphatases, CeGLC-7α and CeGLC-7β, abolishes the restricted localization pattern of AIR-2. In Ceglc-7α/β(RNAi) embryos, AIR-2 is detected on the entire bivalent. Concurrently, chromosomal REC-8 is dramatically reduced and sister chromatids are separated precociously at anaphase I in Ceglc-7α/β(RNAi) embryos. We propose that AIR-2 promotes the release of chromosome cohesion via phosphorylation of REC-8 at specific chromosomal locations and that CeGLC-7α/β, directly or indirectly, antagonize AIR-2 activity.

scholarly journals Evolution, Expression and Meiotic Behavior of Genes Involved in Chromosome Segregation of Monotremes

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Filip Pajpach ◽  
Linda Shearwin-Whyatt ◽  
Frank Grützner
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Aurora Kinase B ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Mammalian Lineage ◽  
Chromosome Passenger Complex ◽  
Mitosis And Meiosis

Chromosome segregation at mitosis and meiosis is a highly dynamic and tightly regulated process that involves a large number of components. Due to the fundamental nature of chromosome segregation, many genes involved in this process are evolutionarily highly conserved, but duplications and functional diversification has occurred in various lineages. In order to better understand the evolution of genes involved in chromosome segregation in mammals, we analyzed some of the key components in the basal mammalian lineage of egg-laying mammals. The chromosome passenger complex is a multiprotein complex central to chromosome segregation during both mitosis and meiosis. It consists of survivin, borealin, inner centromere protein, and Aurora kinase B or C. We confirm the absence of Aurora kinase C in marsupials and show its absence in both platypus and echidna, which supports the current model of the evolution of Aurora kinases. High expression of AURKBC, an ancestor of AURKB and AURKC present in monotremes, suggests that this gene is performing all necessary meiotic functions in monotremes. Other genes of the chromosome passenger complex complex are present and conserved in monotremes, suggesting that their function has been preserved in mammals. Cohesins are another family of genes that are of vital importance for chromosome cohesion and segregation at mitosis and meiosis. Previous work has demonstrated an accumulation and differential loading of structural maintenance of chromosomes 3 (SMC3) on the platypus sex chromosome complex at meiotic prophase I. We investigated if a similar accumulation occurs in the echidna during meiosis I. In contrast to platypus, SMC3 was only found on the synaptonemal complex in echidna. This indicates that the specific distribution of SMC3 on the sex chromosome complex may have evolved specifically in platypus.

Aurora kinase A is essential for correct chromosome segregation in mouse zygote

Zygote ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Kovarikova ◽  
Jan Burkus ◽  
Pavol Rehak ◽  
Adela Brzakova ◽  
Petr Solc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Aurora A Kinase ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Spindle Formation ◽  
Anaphase Onset ◽  
Mouse Zygote

SummaryAurora-A kinase (AURKA), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, is involved in multiple steps of mitotic progression. It regulates centrosome maturation, mitotic spindle formation, and cytokinesis. While studied extensively in somatic cells, little information is known about AURKA in the early cleavage mouse embryo with respect to acentrosomal spindle assembly. In vitro experiments in which AURKA was inactivated with specific inhibitor MLN8237 during the early stages of embryogenesis documented gradual arrest in the cleavage ability of the mouse embryo. In the AURKA-inhibited 1-cell embryos, spindle formation and anaphase onset were delayed and chromosome segregation was defective. AURKA inhibition increased apoptosis during early embryonic development. In conclusion these data suggest that AURKA is essential for the correct chromosome segregation in the first mitosis as a prerequisite for normal later development after first cleavage.

scholarly journals Aurora Kinase Promotes Turnover of Kinetochore Microtubules to Reduce Chromosome Segregation Errors

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 1711-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cimini ◽  
Xiaohu Wan ◽  
Christophe B. Hirel ◽  
E.D. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Aurora Kinase

scholarly journals Aurora at the pole and equator: overlapping functions of Aurora kinases in the mitotic spindle

Open Biology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 120185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helfrid Hochegger ◽  
Nadia Hégarat ◽  
Jose B. Pereira-Leal
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Aurora A ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Aurora Kinases ◽  
Mitotic Kinases ◽  
Chromosome Alignment ◽  
Spindle Microtubules

The correct assembly and timely disassembly of the mitotic spindle is crucial for the propagation of the genome during cell division. Aurora kinases play a central role in orchestrating bipolar spindle establishment, chromosome alignment and segregation. In most eukaryotes, ranging from amoebas to humans, Aurora activity appears to be required both at the spindle pole and the kinetochore, and these activities are often split between two different Aurora paralogues, termed Aurora A and B. Polar and equatorial functions of Aurora kinases have generally been considered separately, with Aurora A being mostly involved in centrosome dynamics, whereas Aurora B coordinates kinetochore attachment and cytokinesis. However, double inactivation of both Aurora A and B results in a dramatic synergy that abolishes chromosome segregation. This suggests that these two activities jointly coordinate mitotic progression. Accordingly, recent evidence suggests that Aurora A and B work together in both spindle assembly in metaphase and disassembly in anaphase. Here, we provide an outlook on these shared functions of the Auroras, discuss the evolution of this family of mitotic kinases and speculate why Aurora kinase activity may be required at both ends of the spindle microtubules.

scholarly journals Aurora kinase Ipl1 facilitates bilobed distribution of clustered kinetochores to ensure error-free chromosome segregation in Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Varshney ◽  
Kaustuv Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Microtubule Dynamics ◽  
Aurora Kinase B ◽  
Spindle Pole Bodies ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Anti Fungal

Candida albicans, an ascomycete, has an ability to switch to diverse morphological forms. While C. albicans is predominatly diploid, it can tolerate aneuploidy as a survival strategy under stress. Aurora kinase B homolog Ipl1 is a critical ploidy regulator that controls microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we show that Ipl1 in C. albicans has a longer activation loop than that of the well-studied ascomycete S. cerevisiae. Ipl1 localizes to the kinetochores during the G1/S phase and associates with the spindle during mitosis. Ipl1 regulates cell morphogenesis and is required for cell viability. Ipl1 monitors microtubule dynamics which is mediated by separation of spindle pole bodies. While Ipl1 is dispensable for maintaining structural integrity and clustering of kinetochores in C. albicans, it is required for the maintenance of kinetochore geometry to form bilobed structures along the mitotic spindle, a feature of Ipl1 that was not observed in other yeasts. Depletion of Ipl1 results in erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments leading to aneuploidy-associated resistance to fluconazole, the most common anti-fungal drug used to treat Candida infections. Taking together, we suggest that Ipl1 spatiotemporally ensures kinetochore geometry to facilitate bipolar spindle assembly crucial for ploidy maintenance in C. albicans.

Schizosaccharomyces pombeBir1p, a Nuclear Protein That Localizes to Kinetochores and the Spindle Midzone, Is Essential for Chromosome Condensation and Spindle Elongation During Mitosis

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srividya Rajagopalan ◽  
Mohan K Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Chromosome Condensation ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Spindle Midzone ◽  
Spindle Elongation ◽  
Bir Domain ◽  
Mitosis And Meiosis

AbstractThe inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins contains a subset of members characterized by the presence of highly conserved baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains. Recent work has shown that some of these BIR-domain proteins play a prominent role in the regulation of cell division, in particular at the stage of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. We and others have shown that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe BIR-domain protein, Bir1p/Pbh1p/Cut17p, is important for the regulation of mitosis. Here we further characterize S. pombe Bir1p using methods of cell biology and genetics. We show that Bir1p is dispersed throughout the nucleus during the cell cycle. In addition, a significant part of Bir1p is also detected at the kinetochores and the spindle midzone during mitosis and meiosis. Time-lapse microscopy studies suggest that Bir1p relocates from the kinetochores to the spindle at the end of anaphase A. Bir1p colocalizes with the S. pombe Aurora kinase homolog Aim1p, a protein essential for mitosis, at the kinetochores as well as the spindle midzone during mitosis, and functional Bir1p is essential for localization of Aim1p to the kinetochores and the spindle midzone. Analyses of bir1 conditional mutants revealed that Bir1p is essential for chromosome condensation during mitosis. In addition, anaphase cells show the presence of lagging chromosomes and a defect in spindle elongation. We conclude that Bir1p is important for multiple processes that occur during mitosis in S. pombe.

scholarly journals Nbl1p: A Borealin/Dasra/CSC-1-like Protein Essential for Aurora/Ipl1 Complex Function and Integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1772-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Nakajima ◽  
Randall G. Tyers ◽  
Catherine C.L. Wong ◽  
John R. Yates ◽  
David G. Drubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Aurora B ◽  
Protein Structure Modeling ◽  
Homology Searching ◽  
Chromosomal Passenger ◽  
And Function ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Related Proteins

The Aurora kinase complex, also called the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), is essential for faithful chromosome segregation and completion of cell division. In Fungi and Animalia, this complex consists of the kinase Aurora B/AIR-2/Ipl1p, INCENP/ICP-1/Sli15p, and Survivin/BIR-1/Bir1p. A fourth subunit, Borealin/Dasra/CSC-1, is required for CPC targeting to centromeres and central spindles and has only been found in Animalia. Here we identified a new core component of the CPC in budding yeast, Nbl1p. NBL1 is essential for viability and nbl1 mutations cause chromosome missegregation and lagging chromosomes. Nbl1p colocalizes and copurifies with the CPC, and it is essential for CPC localization, stability, integrity, and function. Nbl1p is related to the N-terminus of Borealin/Dasra/CSC-1 and is similarly involved in connecting the other CPC subunits. Distant homology searching identified nearly 200, mostly unannotated, Borealin/Dasra/CSC-1–related proteins from nearly 150 species within Fungi and Animalia. Analysis of the sequence of these proteins, combined with comparative protein structure modeling of Bir1p-Nbl1p-Sli15p using the crystal structure of the human Survivin–Borealin–INCENP complex, revealed a striking structural conservation across a broad range of species. Our biological and computational analyses therefore establish that the fundamental design of the CPC is conserved from Fungi to Animalia.

scholarly journals Haspin inhibition reveals functional differences of interchromatid axis–localized AURKB and AURKC

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (17) ◽  
pp. 2233-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Quartuccio ◽  
Shweta S. Dipali ◽  
Karen Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Genetic Abnormality ◽  
Aurora Kinase B ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Chromosomal Passenger ◽  
Functional Capacities ◽  
Meiosis I

Aneuploidy is the leading genetic abnormality contributing to infertility, and chromosome segregation errors are common during female mammalian meiosis I (MI). Previous results indicate that haspin kinase regulates resumption of meiosis from prophase arrest, chromosome condensation, and kinetochore–microtubule attachments during early prometaphase of MI. Here we report that haspin inhibition in late prometaphase I causes acceleration of MI, bypass of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and loss of interchromatid axis–localized Aurora kinase C. Meiotic cells contain a second chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) population, with Aurora kinase B (AURKB) bound to INCENP. Haspin inhibition in oocytes from Aurkc−/− mice, where AURKB is the sole CPC kinase, does not alter MI completion timing, and no change in localization of the SAC protein, MAD2, is observed. These data suggest that AURKB on the interchromatid axis is not needed for SAC activation and illustrate a key difference between the functional capacities of the two AURK homologues.

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