scholarly journals Two dimensional fluidised bed reactor: Performance of a novel multi-vortex distributor

2011 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 484-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Gideon Brink ◽  
Jean Saayman ◽  
Willie Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor

Integrated biological treatment of recalcitrant effluents from pulp mills

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ortega-Clemente ◽  
C. Estrada-Vázquez ◽  
F. Esparza-Garcia ◽  
S. Caffarel-Mendez ◽  
N. Rinderknecht-Seijas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor

This work aimed at determining the degree of depuration of a recalcitrant effluent (weak black liquor, WBL) achieved in a series treatment consisting of a first stage methanogenic fluidised bed reactor followed by a second stage aerobic, upflow reactor packed with “biocubes” of Trametes versicolor immobilised onto small cubes of holm oak wood. The mesophilic, lab scale methanogenic fluidised bed reactor contained a microbial consortium immobilised onto granular activated carbon 500 mm average size. The process removed decreasing amounts of organic matter at decreasing hydraulic retention times (HRT), eventually reaching an average of 50% at 0.5 day HRT. Colour and ligninoid removals also decreased with decreasing HRT. Although the methanogenic fluidised bed reactor provided an effective treatment for the degradable organic matter, important concentrations of recalcitrant organic matter and colour still remained in the anaerobic effluent. This anaerobic effluent was fed to the aerobic packed bed reactor. Two HRT were tested in this unit, namely 5 and 2.5 days. The reactor averaged an organic matter removal in the range of 32% COD basis, during an experimental run of 95 days. Colour and ligninoid contents were removed in high percentages (69% and 54%, respectively). There was no significant difference in reactor performance at 5- and 2.5-day HRT. There was a positive correlation between pollutant removal efficiencies and Laccase activity in crude extracts of the reactor liquor. No supplemental soluble carbohydrate was required to sustain the fungus activity and the consistent reactor performance. Overall, the two-stage treatment achieved approximately a 78% removal of the original organic matter of the WBL (COD basis) and ca. 75% of colour and ligninoid contents.

The TiRO™ Process for the Continuous Direct Production of Titanium Powder

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Doblin ◽  
David Freeman ◽  
Matthew Richards
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Ti Powder ◽  
Continuous Vacuum ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor ◽  
Two Stages

The CSIRO is developing the TIRO™ process for the continuous direct production of titanium powder. The process comprises two stages. The first stage is a fluidised bed reactor (FBR) in which TiCl4 is reacted with magnesium powder to form solid magnesium chloride particles about 350 µm in diameter in which micron sized titanium particles are dispersed. The second stage is a continuous vacuum distillation operation where the titanium is separated from the magnesium chloride and sintered to form a friable “biscuit”. The biscuit comprises porous titanium spheres about 250 µm in diameter which can be liberated by very light grinding. The overall process has a throughput of 0.2 kg/h Ti, limited by the vacuum distillation unit and is being scaled up. The process has generated Ti powder with ≤0.25 wt% O and < 200 ppm Cl and meets CP2 specifications. Ring grinding the vacuum distilled product for short periods reduced the particle size, however longer grinding times caused agglomeration of the particles. Ring grinding in air resulted in a large increase in oxygen concentration

scholarly journals HYDROGENATION OF ETHYLENE IN TWO DIMENSIONAL GAS-SOLID FLUIDISED BED WITH PERFORATED PLATE

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
RYOZO TOEI ◽  
MORIHIRO OICHI ◽  
HISATAKA HAYASHI ◽  
KIYOKAZU KUBO ◽  
TOSHIHIRO YANAGIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Ethylene
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