Tuning poly(p-phenylene) nano-size for enhancing electrical conductivity based on surfactant templates and doping

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongpol Choeichom ◽  
Anuvat Sirivat
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surfactant Templates ◽  
Nano Size

Effect of Electrical Pulse Ageing on Microstructure and Properties of Cu-2.5Fe-0.03P-0.1Zn Copper Alloy

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 2635-2638
Author(s):  
Jin Liang Huang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Qi Ming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
High Density ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Electrical Pulse ◽  
Lead Frame ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Nano Size ◽  
The Ideal

Milisecond high density electrical pulse was used to age one of the typical IC lead frame materials Cu-2.5Fe-0.03P-0.1Zn copper alloy. The effects of electrical pulse aging on the microstructures, electrical conductivity and microhardness of this alloy were systematically investigated. The experimental results shown that the alloy phase precipitated in Cu-2.5Fe-0.03P-0.1Zn copper alloy during electrical pulse aging could be controlled to the order of nano-size and the ideal match of electrical conductivity and microhardness could be achieved in the condition of optimized parameters of electrical pulse. The electrical conductivity of the alloy was kept at above 60%IACS while the microhardness reached to HV115. A preliminary theoretical analysis was made to explain the unique action of electrical pulse.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Hollow-Sphered Poly(N-methyaniline) for Enhanced Electrical Conductivity Based on the Anionic Surfactant Templates and Doping

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Chatrawee Direksilp ◽  
Anuvat Sirivat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Doping Level ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulfate ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate ◽  
Surfactant Templates ◽  
Particle Shapes

Poly(N-methylaniline) (PNMA) is a polyaniline derivative with a methyl substituent on the nitrogen atom. PNMA is of interest owing to its higher solubility in organic solvents when compared to the unsubstituted polyaniline. However, the electrical conductivity of polyaniline derivatives suffers from chemical substitution. PNMA was synthesized via emulsion polymerization using three different anionic surfactants, namely sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT). The effects of surfactant structures and concentrations on electrical conductivity, doping level, crystallinity, morphology, and thermal stability were investigated. The re-doping step using perchloric acid (HClO4) as a dopant was sequentially proceeded to enhance electrical conductivity. PNMA synthesized in SDBS at five times its critical micelle concentration (CMC) demonstrated the highest electrical conductivity, doping level, and thermal stability among all surfactants at identical concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the PNMA particle shapes and sizes critically depended on the surfactant types and concentrations, and the doping mole ratios in the re-doping step. The highest electrical conductivity of 109.84 ± 20.44 S cm−1 and a doping level of 52.45% were attained at the doping mole ratio of 50:1.

scholarly journals Rice Starch-Templated Synthesis of Nanostructured Silica and Hematite

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Juan Matmin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Templated Synthesis ◽  
Surfactant Templates ◽  
Synthesis Yield ◽  
Nanostructured Silica ◽  
Nano Size

Synthesis of nanostructured materials is not straightforward, which involves the complicated use of surfactant templates. Currently, only non-renewable resources that are hazardous and toxic are used to produce the surfactant templates in the industries. This study presents an environmentally friendly and efficient route for the synthesis of the nanostructure of both silica and hematite using rice starch as a promising biomaterials template. The rice starch-templated synthesis yield both hematite and silica with nano-size and high surface area. In particular, the nanostructured silica showed a pseudo-spherical morphology with a nano-size from 13 to 22 nm, amorphous structure and surface area of 538.74 m2/g. On the other hand, the nanostructured hematite showed a spherical-shaped morphology with a nano-size from 24 to 48 nm, and surface area of 20.04 m2/g. More importantly, the use of rice starch-template for a greener approach in the synthesis of nanomaterials was successfully outlined.

scholarly journals Facile synthesis of highly conductive PEDOT:PSS via surfactant templates

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 6363-6378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phimchanok Sakunpongpitiporn ◽  
Katesara Phasuksom ◽  
Nophawan Paradee ◽  
Anuvat Sirivat
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Surfactant Templates

The electrical conductivity of 1879.49 ± 13.87 S cm−1 was achieved for PEDOT:PSS, which is the highest value reported to date.

Review on Nano Fabrication and Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saravanapandi Solairajan ◽  
S. Alexraj ◽  
P. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
P. Vijaya Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Nano Fabrication ◽  
Exploration Exploitation ◽  
Nano Size

Nanoscience is primarily deals with synthesis, exploration, exploitation and of nanostructured materials. Those materials are characterized by at least one dimension in the nanometer range. Particles of “nano” size have been shown to exhibit enhanced or novel properties including reactivity, thermal properties, greater sensing capability, electrical conductivity and increased mechanical strength. These nanotechnique offers clean, simple, fast, economic, and efficient for the synthesis of a variety of organic molecules, have provided the momentum for many chemists to switch from traditional method. In this article an attempt was made to focus on what is nanomaterials, how is it generated and what all the importance it may have are and the important applications.

Removing Substrate Background in TEM Microanalysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
John C. Russ ◽  
Nicholas C. Barbi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Organic Film ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Background Signal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Continuum

The rapid growth of interest in attaching energy-dispersive x-ray analysis systems to transmission electron microscopes has centered largely on microanalysis of biological specimens. These are frequently either embedded in plastic or supported by an organic film, which is of great importance as regards stability under the beam since it provides thermal and electrical conductivity from the specimen to the grid.Unfortunately, the supporting medium also produces continuum x-radiation or Bremsstrahlung, which is added to the x-ray spectrum from the sample. It is not difficult to separate the characteristic peaks from the elements in the specimen from the total continuum background, but sometimes it is also necessary to separate the continuum due to the sample from that due to the support. For instance, it is possible to compute relative elemental concentrations in the sample, without standards, based on the relative net characteristic elemental intensities without regard to background; but to calculate absolute concentration, it is necessary to use the background signal itself as a measure of the total excited specimen mass.

Macromolecular structures of biological specimens are not obscured by controlled osmium impregnation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters ◽  
Samuel A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Osmium Impregnation ◽  
Instrumental Resolution ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Continuous Metal

High magnification imaging of macromolecules on metal coated biological specimens is limited only by wet preparation procedures since recently obtained instrumental resolution allows visualization of topographic structures as smal l as 1-2 nm. Details of such dimensions may be visualized if continuous metal films with a thickness of 2 nm or less are applied. Such thin films give sufficient contrast in TEM as well as in SEM (SE-I image mode). The requisite increase in electrical conductivity for SEM of biological specimens is achieved through the use of ligand mediated wet osmiuum impregnation of the specimen before critical point (CP) drying. A commonly used ligand is thiocarbohvdrazide (TCH), first introduced to TEM for en block staining of lipids and glvcomacromolecules with osmium black. Now TCH is also used for SEM. However, after ligand mediated osinification nonspecific osmium black precipitates were often found obscuring surface details with large diffuse aggregates or with dense particular deposits, 2-20 nm in size. Thus, only low magnification work was considered possible after TCH appl ication.

TEM investigations of surface residual stress relaxation in A12O3 and Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 628-629
Author(s):  
J. Fang ◽  
H. M. Chan ◽  
M. P. Harmer
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Surface Residual Stress ◽  
Microscopic Mechanism ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Annealing Procedure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nano Size

It was Niihara et al. who first discovered that the fracture strength of Al2O3 can be increased by incorporating as little as 5 vol.% of nano-size SiC particles (>1000 MPa), and that the strength would be improved further by a simple annealing procedure (>1500 MPa). This discovery has stimulated intense interest on Al2O3/SiC nanocomposites. Recent indentation studies by Fang et al. have shown that residual stress relief was more difficult in the nanocomposite than in pure Al2O3. In the present work, TEM was employed to investigate the microscopic mechanism(s) for the difference in the residual stress recovery in these two materials.Bulk samples of hot-pressed single phase Al2O3, and Al2O3 containing 5 vol.% 0.15 μm SiC particles were simultaneously polished with 15 μm diamond compound. Each sample was cut into two pieces, one of which was subsequently annealed at 1300° for 2 hours in flowing argon. Disks of 3 mm in diameter were cut from bulk samples.

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