Chemical composition of leaf volatiles in Macaranga species (Euphorbiaceae) and their potential role as olfactory cues in host-localization of foundress queens of specific ant partners

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Jürgens ◽  
Heike Feldhaar ◽  
Barbara Feldmeyer ◽  
Brigitte Fiala
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Leaf Volatiles

The chemical composition and potential role of epicuticular and intracuticular wax in four cultivars of table grapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 111430
Author(s):  
Mingyi Yang ◽  
Zisheng Luo ◽  
Sunan Gao ◽  
Tarun Belwal ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Table Grapes

Floral micromorphology, histochemistry, ultrastructure and chemical composition of floral secretions in three Neotropical Maxillariella species (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika M Lipińska ◽  
Natalia Wiśniewska ◽  
Marek Gołębiowski ◽  
Magdalena Narajczyk ◽  
Agnieszka K Kowalkowska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Floral Micromorphology ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Comparative Manner

Abstract Floral morphological adaptations and composition of secretions aim to ensure reproductive success. Maxillariella is part of the largest subtribe of Orchidaceae, and Maxillariella spp. are important components of the orchid flora of the Neotropics. The aim of this paper was to provide a detailed study of the reproductive biology of three morphologically and geographically distinct species: M. sanguinea, M. variabilis and M. vulcanica. For many years, species in this group were considered rewardless, but several studies have revealed that lips of some species may secrete resins. However, most published research has mainly focused on investigating either micromorphology (SEM, TEM, histochemistry) or fragrance composition (GC–MS). In this study, we make the first attempt to investigate Maxillariella flowers in a more comparative manner by combining both aspects. In all investigated species we reported the presence of resins with lipids, sugars and/or proteins, suggesting a potential role as a food reward. Scant quantities of residues indicate that they are produced periodically in small quantities. Chemical analysis revealed significant differences between species, however, the presence of some compounds was constant. Cycloartenal and cycloartenol (main ingredients of resin and wax-like material in some Maxillariinae) were not been found.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Responses of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Workers to Essential Oils of Eucalyptus and its Chemical Composition

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane G. Batista-Pereira ◽  
João B. Fernandes ◽  
M. Fátima G. F. da Silva ◽  
Paulo C. Vieira ◽  
Odair C. Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Leaf Cutting

AbstractThe leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 is the most harmful of the Eucalyptus pests, causing severe losses in wood production through defoliation. Various strategies have been tried and effort spent on the development of methods to control this pest, however no practical and environmentally acceptable one currently exists. In this work the chemical composition of the essential oil of seven Eucalyptus species was identified and the selectivity and sensitivity of antennal receptors of A. sexdens rubropilosa workers to the volatile compounds were determined using the electroantennographic technique (EAG and GC-EAD). Analysis by GC-EAD showed in E. cloesiana and E. maculata, respectively, seventeen and sixteen terpenes that elicited responses in ant workers’ antennae, indicating the potential role of the essential oils as allelochemicals that determine the choice of the foraging material.

scholarly journals Nest Marking Behavior and Chemical Composition of Olfactory Cues Involved in Nest Recognition inMegachile rotundata

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Guédot ◽  
James S. Buckner ◽  
Marcia M. Hagen ◽  
Jordi Bosch ◽  
William P. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Nest Recognition

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Anti-microbial Properties and Chemical Composition of Cumin Essential Oils Extracted by Three Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianying Fang ◽  
Xiangxing Wang ◽  
Limin Guo ◽  
Qiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activity of cumin essential oils (CEOs) extracted by different techniques, including supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE), subcritical butane extraction (SBE) and traditional solvent extraction (SE). Our results indicated that CEOs are a valuable source of bioactive compounds, including cumin aldehyde, γ-terpinene and β-pinene. The most abundant components found in CEOs obtained by SCE and SBE were similar, while the abundant components in SE, β-Cumic aldehyde (19.31%) and α-phellandrene (9.49%), were distinctive. CEOs obtained by SCE exhibited higher antioxidant activity, followed by those extracted by SE and SBE. Moreover, the anti-microbial properties of CEOs obtained by SCE and SBE were higher than that of CEOs collected by SE. In conclusion, CEOs exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, which suggests a potential role of CEOs in preventing diseases associated with aging and oxidative stress, and our results highlight the potential usage of CEOs in the food industry.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and major volatile compounds of the hydrolyzed product from Kappaphycus alvarezii by-products using flavourzyme

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4A) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phuong Anh ◽  
Pham Xuan Ky ◽  
Dao Viet Ha ◽  
Dao Viet Ha ◽  
Nguyen Thu Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Volatile Flavor Compounds ◽  
Volatile Flavor ◽  
By Products

The chemical composition of flavourzyme hydrolysis product from Kappaphycus alvarezii by-products was analyzed. The results showed that the protein hydrolysate powder had high content of proteins (21.66%) and low content of lipids (0.22%). Hydrolyzed products contained about 15 free amino acids with relatively high content of some amino acids such as aspartic acid (1,879 mg/100 g), glutamic acid (1,813 mg/100 g), glycine (1,121 mg/100 g), tyrosine (1,203 mg/100 g) ) and serine (3,165 mg/100 g). In addition, main volatile flavor compounds such as acetophenone; nonanal; indole; 2.4-di-tert-butylphenol; heptadecane; 6.10.14- trimethylpentadecan-2-one have also been discovered. As a result, the by-products of K. alvarezii take a potential role in the food industry.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

On the Inhomogeneity of Chemical Composition over the Surface of 21 Per

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Glagolevsky ◽  
K.I. Kozlova ◽  
V.S. Lebedev ◽  
N.S. Polosukhina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Spectral Line ◽  
Variable Star ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Magnetic Variable

SummaryThe magnetic variable star 21 Per has been studied from 4 and 8 Å/mm spectra obtained with the 2.6 - meter reflector of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Spectral line intensities (Wλ) and radial velocities (Vr) have been measured.

Structural Studies on Mitotic Spindle Fibres

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
J.R. Mcintosh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Medical Interest ◽  
Spindle Fibres

The mitotic apparatus is a structure of obvious biological and medical interest, but it has proved to be a difficult cellular machine to understand. The chemical composition of the spindle is only slightly elucidated, largely because of the difficulties in preparing useful isolates of the structure. Chemical studies of the mitotic spindle have been reviewed elsewhere (Mcintosh, 1977), and will not be discussed further here. One would think that structural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) in situ would be straightforward, but even with this approach there is some disagreement in the results obtained with various methods and by different investigators. In this paper I will review briefly the approaches which have been used in structural studies of the MA, pointing out the strengths and problems of each approach. I will summarize the principal findings of the different methods, and identify what seem to be fruitful avenues for further work.

Effects of 5-5'-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) and Thyroxine on the Ultrastructure and Chemical Composition of Rat Liver

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
E. A. Elfont ◽  
R. B. Tobin ◽  
D. G. Colton ◽  
M. A. Mehlman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary5,-5'-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) is an effective inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) stimulation of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver mitochondria. Because this finding indicated a possible tool for future study of the mode of action of thyroxine, the ultrastructural and biochemical effects of DPTH and/or thyroxine on rat liver mere investigated.Rats were fed either standard or DPTH (0.06%) diet for 30 days before T4 (250 ug/kg/day) was injected. Injection of T4 occurred daily for 10 days prior to sacrifice. After removal of the liver and kidneys, part of the tissue was frozen at -50°C for later biocheailcal analyses, while the rest was prefixed in buffered 3.5X glutaraldehyde (390 mOs) and post-fixed in buffered 1Z OsO4 (376 mOs). Tissues were embedded in Araldlte 502 and the sections examined in a Zeiss EM 9S.Hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats (Fig. 2) demonstrated enlarged and more numerous mitochondria than those of controls (Fig. 1). Glycogen was almost totally absent from the cytoplasm of the T4-treated rats.

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