Thermodynamic approach to oxygen delivery in vivo by natural and artificial oxygen carriers

2009 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Bucci
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Thermodynamic Approach ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers

scholarly journals Characteristics of oxygen carriers in modern blood substitutes

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-400
Author(s):  
N V Shevchenko ◽  
S N Khudyakov ◽  
A A Zyryanov ◽  
D A Pyrenkov
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Donor Blood ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Current Stage

Intraoperative and posttraumatic blood loss can be compensated by the introduction of crystalloid and colloid solutions. Blood transfusion is an effective method, but has several disadvantages: it may cause severe hemolytic reactions, infections and immune disorders. Blood substitutes based on oxygen-carrying molecules can solve most of these problems. The search for alternatives to donor blood and its preparations has continued for a long time, but only at this stage a few of the oxygen carriers have reached the phase of clinical trials. Artificial oxygen carriers are pharmacological agents used to improve oxygen delivery, regardless of the functions of erythrocytes, which perform solely a transport function of oxygen delivery. In this article, the authors have tried to reflect the current stage in the development, implementation and usage of oxygen carriers.

Pharmaceutical design and development of perfluorocarbon nanocolloids for oxygen delivery in regenerative medicine

Nanomedicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 2697-2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lambert ◽  
Vijay S Gorantla ◽  
Jelena M Janjic
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Extremity Salvage

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have been investigated as oxygen carriers for several decades in varied biomedical applications. PFCs are chemically and biologically inert, temperature and storage stable, pose low to no infectious risk, can be commercially manufactured, and have well established gas transport properties. In this review, we highlight design and development strategies for their successful application in regenerative medicine, transplantation and organ preservation. Effective tissue preservation strategies are key to improving outcomes of extremity salvage and organ transplantation. Maintaining tissue integrity requires adequate oxygenation to support aerobic metabolism. The use of whole blood for oxygen delivery is fraught with limitations of poor shelf stability, infectious risk, religious exclusions and product shortages. Other agents also face clinical challenges in their implementation. As a solution, we discuss new ways of designing and developing PFC-based artificial oxygen carriers by implementing modern pharmaceutical quality by design and scale up manufacturing methodologies.

The biochemistry of drugs and doping methods used to enhance aerobic sport performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 63-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Blood Doping

Optimum performance in aerobic sports performance requires an efficient delivery to, and consumption of, oxygen by the exercising muscle. It is probable that maximal oxygen uptake in the athlete is multifactorial, being shared between cardiac output, blood oxygen content, muscle blood flow, oxygen diffusion from the blood to the cell and mitochondrial content. Of these, raising the blood oxygen content by raising the haematocrit is the simplest acute method to increase oxygen delivery and improve sport performance. Legal means of raising haematocrit include altitude training and hypoxic tents. Illegal means include blood doping and the administration of EPO (erythropoietin). The ability to make EPO by genetic means has resulted in an increase in its availability and use, although it is probable that recent testing methods may have had some impact. Less widely used illegal methods include the use of artificial blood oxygen carriers (the so-called ‘blood substitutes’). In principle these molecules could enhance aerobic sports performance; however, they would be readily detectable in urine and blood tests. An alternative to increasing the blood oxygen content is to increase the amount of oxygen that haemoglobin can deliver. It is possible to do this by using compounds that right-shift the haemoglobin dissociation curve (e.g. RSR13). There is a compromise between improving oxygen delivery at the muscle and losing oxygen uptake at the lung and it is unclear whether these reagents would enhance the performance of elite athletes. However, given the proven success of blood doping and EPO, attempts to manipulate these pathways are likely to lead to an ongoing battle between the athlete and the drug testers.

scholarly journals Biomimetic oxygen delivery nanoparticles for enhancing photodynamic therapy in triple-negative breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyi Fang ◽  
Yongkang Gai ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Qingyao Liu ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Oxygen Solubility ◽  
Post Injection

Abstract Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of aggressive breast cancer with a high rate of metastasis, poor overall survival time, and a low response to targeted therapies. To improve the therapeutic efficacy and overcome the drug resistance of TNBC treatments, here we developed the cancer cell membrane-coated oxygen delivery nanoprobe, CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA, which can improve the hypoxia at tumor sites and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the photodynamic therapy (PDT), resulting in relieving the tumor growth in TNBC xenografts. Results The size of the CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA was 131.3 ± 1.08 nm. The in vitro 1O2 and ROS concentrations of the CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA group were both significantly higher than those of the other groups (P < 0.001). In vivo fluorescence imaging revealed that the best time window was at 24 h post-injection of the CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA. Both in vivo 18F-FMISO PET imaging and ex vivo immunofluorescence staining results exhibited that the tumor hypoxia was significantly improved at 24 h post-injection of the CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA. For in vivo PDT treatment, the tumor volume and weight of the CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA with NIR group were both the smallest among all the groups and significantly decreased compared to the untreated group (P < 0.01). No obvious biotoxicity was observed by the injection of CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA till 14 days. Conclusions By using the high oxygen solubility of perfluorocarbon (PFC) and the homologous targeting ability of cancer cell membranes, CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA can target tumor tissues, mitigate the hypoxia of the tumor microenvironment, and enhance the PDT efficacy in TNBC xenografts. Furthermore, the HSA, ICG, and PFC are all FDA-approved materials, which render the nanoparticles highly biocompatible and enhance the potential for clinical translation in the treatment of TNBC patients.

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