Mesophilic methane fermentation of chicken manure at a wide range of ammonia concentration: Stability, inhibition and recovery

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 358-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qigui Niu ◽  
Wei Qiao ◽  
Hong Qiang ◽  
Toshimasa Hojo ◽  
Yu-You Li
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Wide Range

The Mode of Excretion of Ammonia and Urea in Xenopus Laevis

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-705
Author(s):  
J. B. BALINSKY ◽  
E. BALDWIN
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate ◽  
The Mean

1. Eighty-two single determinations of ammonia and urea excretion by Xenopus laevis indicated that the percentage of ammonia varied from 40 to 80%, with a mean value of 62%. 2. Measurements of excretion on successive days after feeding showed that a large amount of ammonia was produced soon after feeding, but that ammonia excretion declined rapidly. Urea excretion, not so high initially, remained more or less constant until the third or fourth day, often exceeding ammonia excretion at that time. Thereafter, it also declined and the excretion of both substances reached a constant starvation level by the fifteenth day. 3. Both ammonia and urea excretion were equally affected by temperature. The Q10's were near 2 in the range 20-30° C., but greater in the range 10-20° C. 4. At least 86% of ammonia, and 81% of urea were excreted through the cloaca. 5. The mean 24 hr. urine output of Xenopus at 20% C. was 23.6 ml. per 100 g. body weight. 6. Although the blood ammonia concentration did not appear to be zero, the urine/blood concentration ratio of ammonia was greater than 100. The urine/blood concentration ratio of urea was not significantly different from unity, and constant over a very wide range of concentrations. 7. The above result is interpreted to indicate passive glomerular filtration of urea, and little or no tubular reabsorption of water. 8. It is suggested that ammonia is formed in the kidney, and actively secreted into the glomerular filtrate.

Mesoporous TiO2 as a nanostructured inorganic polymer thin film applied for a wide range ammonia concentration analyzer based on photoelectrochemical reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1248-1253
Author(s):  
Masao Kaneko ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
Hirohito Ueno ◽  
Yuki Fujii ◽  
Junichi Nemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Mesoporous Tio2 ◽  
Inorganic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Thin Film ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Study of Static and Dynamic Behavior of a Membrane Reactor for Hydrogen Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Rubayyi T. Alqahtani ◽  
Abdelhamid Ajbar ◽  
Samir Kumar Bhowmik ◽  
Rabab Ali Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Hydrogen Permeation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
State Multiplicity

The paper investigates the stability and bifurcation phenomena that can occur in membrane reactors for the production of hydrogen by ammonia decomposition. A simplified mixed model of the membrane reactor is studied and two expressions of hydrogen permeation are investigated. The effect of the model design and operating parameters on the existence of steady state multiplicity is discussed. In this regard, it is shown that the adsorption-inhibition effect caused by the competitive adsorption of ammonia can lead to the occurrence of multiple steady states in the model. The steady state multiplicity exists for a wide range of feed ammonia concentration and reactor residence time. The effect of the adsorption constant, the membrane surface area and its permeability on the steady state multiplicity is delineated. The analysis also shows that no Hopf bifurcation can occur in the studied model.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure with Algal Digestate

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Duan ◽  
Xia Ran ◽  
Ruirui Li ◽  
Panagiotis Kougias ◽  
Yuanhui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Total Ammonia

Dilution is considered to be a fast and easily applicable pretreatment for anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM), however, dilution with fresh water is uneconomical because of the water consumption. The present investigation was targeted at evaluating the feasibility and process performance of AD of CM diluted with algal digestate water (AW) for methane production to replace tap water (TW). Moreover, the kinetics parameters and mass flow of the AD process were also comparatively analyzed. The highest methane production of diluted CM (104.39 mL/g volatile solid (VS)) was achieved with AW under a substrate concentration of 8% total solid (TS). The result was markedly higher in comparison with the group with TW (79.54–93.82 mL/gVS). Apart from the methane production, considering its energy and resource saving, nearly 20% of TW replaced by AW, it was promising substitution to use AW for TW to dilute CM. However, the process was susceptible to substrate concentration, inoculum, as well as total ammonia and free ammonia concentration.

A Strain of Chlorella sp. was Used for Chicken Manure Fermentation Broth Treatment and Bio-Crude Oil Feedstock Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2714-2720
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Zhang ◽  
Hai Feng Lu ◽  
Tai Li Dong ◽  
Xi Cheng Niu ◽  
Bao Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Feedstock Production ◽  
Addition Amount

One of the useful applications of chicken manure fermentation broth was foliar fertilization production. However, the effluent generated during foliar fertilization production processing was high in ammonia concentration, which was hard to be disposed by activated sludge method. Selecting microalgae to treat this kind of wastewater can realize pollutants purification, nutrients recovery and bio-energy production. A strain ofChlorellasp. was used. Results showed that the effluent can be used for microalgae cultivation. The optimal ammonia in the third (TS) and second step (SS) effluent forChlorellasp. growth was around 500 mg/L and the net growth rate was 49.2 and 51.0 mg/L, respectively. The optimal addition amount of inorganic carbon was 228.6 mg/L for TS to cultivateChlorellasp. By adding carbon resource every other day with trace elements, biomass reached to the highest value of 915.6 mg/L at 9 day. Without any addition of nutrient, the mixture of TS and SS can realize biomass accumulation of 497.0 mg/L. The highest removal of NH4+-N could reach 40%.

scholarly journals Methane Fermentation Residue Compost Derived from Food Waste to Aid Komatsuna (Brassica rapa) Growth

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Nur Santi ◽  
Ratih Kemala Dewi ◽  
Yutaka Suganuma ◽  
Tsutomu Iikubo ◽  
Hiroichi Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Horse Manure ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Fermentation Residue

One suitable solution to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to utilize methane fermentation residue obtained from food waste. However, methane fermentation residue compost is often difficult to use due to its inhibitory properties and pungent smell. To evaluate chemical parameters and plant growth, we examined the use of methane-fermented food waste residue compost (FWM), three types of animal manure, namely, horse manure (HM), cow manure (CWM), and chicken manure (CKM). Our results revealed that mixing food waste compost with cow and horse manure reduced the inhibition of Komatsuna germination, however, chicken manure blending limited inhibition reduction. The improvement of GI in the combination of FWM and animal manure was obtained at a ratio 1:4 with an improvement in GI of 20.8%, 16.8%, and 3.8% for combination FWM + HM, FWM + CWM, and FWM + CKM, respectively. The ratio of the combination of FWM + HM could be increased to a ratio of 2:3 with an improvement of 14.7%. Additionally, for Komatsuna growth, FWM with cow and horse manure mixer considerably enhanced plant growth and yield. Furthermore, the combination of FWM + HM and FWM + CWM could improve the ratio of NUE compost/NUE FWM with the values being 12.0 and 11.1, respectively. Therefore, combining FWM with CWM and HM increases the utility value of methane fermentation residues obtained from food waste as compost for maintaining soil fertility, while reducing the use of chemical fertilizer.

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