Metabolomics: Taking snapshots of cellular physiology in health and disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kargul ◽  
Irmgard Irminger-Finger ◽  
Geoff J. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Health And Disease

Amphiregulin in cellular physiology, health, and disease: Potential use as a biomarker and therapeutic target

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth S. Singh ◽  
Shashi B. Chauhan ◽  
Awnish Kumar ◽  
Shashi Kumar ◽  
Christian R. Engwerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Potential Use

scholarly journals GSK3 as a Regulator of Cytoskeleton Architecture: Consequences for Health and Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Daria Hajka ◽  
Bartosz Budziak ◽  
Łukasz Pietras ◽  
Przemysław Duda ◽  
James A. McCubrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ◽  
Directional Migration ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Migration Of Cells

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) was initially isolated as a critical protein in energy metabolism. However, subsequent studies indicate that GSK-3 is a multi-tasking kinase that links numerous signaling pathways in a cell and plays a vital role in the regulation of many aspects of cellular physiology. As a regulator of actin and tubulin cytoskeleton, GSK3 influences processes of cell polarization, interaction with the extracellular matrix, and directional migration of cells and their organelles during the growth and development of an animal organism. In this review, the roles of GSK3–cytoskeleton interactions in brain development and pathology, migration of healthy and cancer cells, and in cellular trafficking of mitochondria will be discussed.

scholarly journals miR-21: a non‐specific biomarker of all maladies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana E. Jenike ◽  
Marc K. Halushka
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractmiRNA-21 is among the most abundant and highly conserved microRNAs (miRNAs) recognized. It is expressed in essentially all cells where it performs vital regulatory roles in health and disease. It is also frequently claimed to be a biomarker of diseases such as cancer and heart disease in bodily-fluid based miRNA studies. Here we dissociate its contributions to cellular physiology and pathology from its potential as a biomarker. We show how it has been claimed as a specific predictive or prognostic biomarker by at least 29 diseases. Thus, it has no specificity to any one disease. As a result, it should not be considered a viable candidate to be a biomarker, despite its continued evaluation as such. This theme of multiple assignments of a miRNA as a biomarker is shared with other common, ubiquitous miRNAs and should be concerning for them as well.

scholarly journals The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ROS: New Insights on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Model Organisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. Santos ◽  
Sanchari Sinha ◽  
Ariel B. Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Genetic Interventions ◽  
Mitochondrial Networks

Aging is associated with the accumulation of cellular damage over the course of a lifetime. This process is promoted in large part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated via cellular metabolic and respiratory pathways. Pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and genetic interventions have been used to target cellular and mitochondrial networks in an effort to decipher aging and age-related disorders. While ROS historically have been viewed as a detrimental byproduct of normal metabolism and associated with several pathologies, recent research has revealed a more complex and beneficial role of ROS in regulating metabolism, development, and lifespan. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in ROS research, focusing on both the beneficial and harmful roles of ROS, many of which are conserved across species from bacteria to humans, in various aspects of cellular physiology. These studies provide a new context for our understanding of the parts ROS play in health and disease. Moreover, we highlight the utility of bacterial models to elucidate the molecular pathways by which ROS mediate aging and aging-related diseases.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

The Laryngeal Epithelium in Reflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Erickson-Levendoski ◽  
Mahalakshmi Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The epithelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of laryngeal health. This is evident in that laryngeal disease may result when the integrity of the epithelium is compromised by insults such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this article, we will review the structure and function of the laryngeal epithelium and summarize the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the epithelium. Research investigating the ramifications of reflux on the epithelium has improved our understanding of laryngeal disease associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. It further highlights the need for continued research on the laryngeal epithelium in health and disease.

Studies on Gastric Mucus in Health and Disease

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lansing C. Hoskins ◽  
Norman Zamcheck
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Health And Disease

A Method for the Colorimetric Determination of β-Glucuronidase in Urine, Serum, Tissue; Assay of Enzymatic Activity in Health and Disease

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius A. Goldbarg ◽  
Esteban P. Pineda ◽  
Benjamin M. Banks ◽  
Alexander M. Rutenburg
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Urine Serum
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