Sex Differences in Response to an Observational Fear Conditioning Procedure

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Kelly ◽  
John P. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Procedure

Are There Sex Differences in Fear Conditioning and Extinction Before Puberty? A Preliminary Study in Pre-Adolescent Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S109-S110
Author(s):  
Hilary Marusak ◽  
Craig Peters ◽  
Allesandra Iadipaolo ◽  
Christine Rabinak
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Threat imminence dictates the role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in contextual fear

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis D. Goode ◽  
Gillian M. Acca ◽  
Stephen Maren
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Reversible Inactivation ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Contextual Fear ◽  
Context Dependent

ABSTRACTPrevious work indicates that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is involved in defensive freezing to unpredictable Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (Goode et al., 2019). Here we show that the BNST mediates freezing to contexts paired with remote (unpredictable), but not imminent (predictable), footshock. Rats underwent a fear conditioning procedure in which a single footshock unconditioned stimulus (US) was delivered either 1 (imminent) or 9 minutes (remote) after placement in the context; each rat received a total of four conditioning trials over two days. Contexts associated with either imminent or remote USs produced distinct patterns of freezing and shock-induced activity but freezing in each case was context-dependent. Reversible inactivation of the BNST reduced the expression of contextual freezing in the context paired with remote, but not imminent, footshock. Implications of these data are discussed in light of recent conceptualizations of BNST function, as well as for anxiety behaviors.

scholarly journals Slow Late Component in Conditioned Stimulus-Evoked Potentials From the Amygdala After Fear Conditioning in the Rat

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. J. Knippenberg ◽  
E. L. J. M. van Luijtelaar ◽  
J. H. R. Maes
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Late Component ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lateral Nucleus

Male Wistar rats were subjected to a differential Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure in which one of two tones (6 or 10 kHz) was followed by an electric shock (CS+) and the other was not (CS-). Before and after fear conditioning, we recorded the evoked potentials elicited byCS+andCS-from electrodes aimed at the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Before conditioning, a slow, negative component with peak amplitude around 150 ms was present in the evoked potentials. This component was sensitive to habituation. After fear conditioning, bothCS+andCS-elicited the same late component, albeit with a larger amplitude. This enhancement was temporary: decreasing amplitude was observed in the course of CS test presentations under extinction. Prior research revealed a comparable slow component in the amygdala of the cat under similar experimental conditions. The collective results indicate that the large late component in the amygdala is enhanced by fear conditioning, suggesting that such enhancement reflects the anticipation of a biologically significant event.

scholarly journals Influence of intranasal oxytocin on fear consolidation in healthy humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. e100131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hoge ◽  
Eric Bui ◽  
Peter Rosencrans ◽  
Scott Orr ◽  
Rachel Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Main Effects

BackgroundAlthough recent data in healthy humans suggestthat treatment with intranasal oxytocin (OT) may facilitate extinction recall,to date, little is known about the effects of OT on memory consolidationprocesses.AimTo examine the effect of intranasal administration of OT compared with placebo on memory consolidation blockade of a de novo fear memory in a classical 2-day fear conditioning procedure.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the OT and the placebo groups on the first two extinction trials (mean (SD)=0.01 (0.39) vs 0.15 (0.31), t=−1.092, p=0.28). Similarly, during early extinction, analysis of variance for repeated measures failed to show significant main effects of extinction trials: trials (F(4, 112)=1.58, p=0.18), drug (F(1, 112)=0.13, p=0.72) or drug × trials interaction (F(4, 112)=0.76, p=0.56).ConclusionOur results suggest that OT administered in a double-blind fashion immediately after fear conditioning does not significantly reduce consolidation of fear learning as measured by a differential skin conductance response tested at the beginning of extinction.

Sex differences and estrous cycle effects on foreground contextual fear conditioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cossio ◽  
María B. Carreira ◽  
Carol E. Vásquez ◽  
Gabrielle B. Britton
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Contextual Fear Conditioning ◽  
Contextual Fear

scholarly journals Sex differences in fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabra S. Inslicht ◽  
Thomas J. Metzler ◽  
Mohammed Milad ◽  
Suzanne Pineles ◽  
Scott Orr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Stress Disorder

scholarly journals Sex differences in the expression of MOR in areas critical for fear conditioning and extinction learning (LB557)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Morales Silva ◽  
Emily Perez‐Torres ◽  
Edwin Santini ◽  
Annelyn Torres‐Reveron
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Extinction Learning
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