Smad3 contributes to positioning of proliferating cells in colonic crypts by inducing EphB receptor protein expression

2011 ◽  
Vol 405 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Furukawa ◽  
Toru Sato ◽  
Tatsuro Katsuno ◽  
Tomoo Nakagawa ◽  
Yoshiko Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Ephb Receptor ◽  
Colonic Crypts

Reduced Glucocorticoid Receptor Protein Expression in Children with Critical Illness

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Indyk ◽  
Cristina Candido-Vitto ◽  
Irene M. Wolf ◽  
Shekhar Venkataraman ◽  
Ricardo Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Receptor Protein

Electroacupuncture inhibits the corneal ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway in a rat model of dry eye syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 096452842110392
Author(s):  
Yanting Yang ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Lijie Wu ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Danyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Corneal Injury ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Des Model

Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment has been found to ameliorate clinical symptoms in patients with dry eye, but its mechanisms are still not entirely clear. Objective: To study the regulation of EA on ocular surface function and the corneal reactive oxygen species (ROS)/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory signaling pathway in dry eye syndrome (DES) model rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: Normal, Model, Model + EA, Model + NAC (N-actetylcysteine) and Model + NS (normal saline). The DES model was developed by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide with exposure to an air draft in the latter four groups. After intervention, the Schirmer I test (SIT), tear film break-up time (BUT) and ROS content were measured, the histopathological changes of corneal tissues were observed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were detected. Results: Compared with the Model group, the SIT and BUT increased significantly in the Model + EA group after intervention (p < 0.05), and the corneal injury was improved. Corneal ROS content declined in both Model + EA and Model + NAC groups (p < 0.05), and mRNA expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 also decreased (p < 0.01). Corneal protein expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 decreased significantly in the Model + EA group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Inhibiting the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway may be the mechanism underlying the role of EA in improving corneal injury in DES model rats.

scholarly journals Thyrotrophin receptor protein expression in normal and adenomatous human pituitary

2000 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Theodoropoulou ◽  
T Arzberger ◽  
Y Gruebler ◽  
Z Korali ◽  
P Mortini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Regulatory Pathways

Thyrotrophin (TSH) synthesis and secretion is under the positive control of thyrotrophin releasing hormone and under the negative control of the thyroid hormones. However, it is hypothesised that TSH has a direct effect on the regulation of its own synthesis through an intrapituitary loop mediated by pituitary TSH receptors (TSH-R). The aim of this investigation was to study the expression of TSH-R in normal human pituitary at mRNA and protein levels, and to compare the pattern of protein expression between different pituitary adenomas. Using RT-PCR we were able to detect TSH-R mRNA in the normal pituitary, and immunohistochemical studies showed TSH-R protein expression in distinct areas of the anterior pituitary. Double immunostaining with antibodies against each of the intrapituitary hormones and S100 revealed that TSH-R protein is present in thyrotrophs and folliculostellate cells. Examination of 58 pituitary adenomas, including two clinically active and two clinically inactive thyrotroph adenomas, revealed TSH-R immunopositivity in only the two clinically inactive thyrotroph adenomas. This study shows, for the first time, the presence of TSH-R protein in the normal anterior pituitary and in a subset of thyrotroph adenomas. The expression of TSH-R in the thyrotroph and folliculostellate cell subpopulations provides preliminary evidence of a role for TSH in autocrine and paracrine regulatory pathways within the anterior pituitary gland.

scholarly journals Acute bout of resistance exercise increases vitamin D receptor protein expression in rat skeletal muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhei Makanae ◽  
Riki Ogasawara ◽  
Koji Sato ◽  
Yusuke Takamura ◽  
Kenji Matsutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Acute Bout

scholarly journals RenalAT1Receptor Protein Expression During the Early Stage of Diabetes Mellitus

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Harrison-Bernard ◽  
John D. Imig ◽  
Pamela K. Carmines
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Cortical Collecting Duct ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nephron Segments

Experiments were performed to evaluate the hypothesis that the early stage of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) increases renal angiotensin II (AngII) concentration and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor protein levels. Nineteen or twenty days after vehicle (Sham rats) or streptozotocin (STZ rats) treatment, plasma [AngII] was higher in STZ rats (152±23 fmol/ml) than in Sham rats (101±7 fmol/ml); however, kidney [AngII] did not differ between groups.AT1receptor protein expression was greater in STZ kidneys than in Sham kidneys. This increase was restricted to the cortex, whereAT1protein levels were elevated by 77±26% (42 kDa) and 101±16% (58 kDa) in STZ kidneys. Immunohistochemistry revealed this effect to be most evident in distal nephron segments including the connecting tubule/cortical collecting duct. Increased renal corticalAT1receptor protein and circulating AngII levels are consistent with an exaggerated AngII-dependent influence on renal function during the early stage of DM in the rat.

scholarly journals SAT-598 Shared Signaling Profile Between Human MRAPα-Induced Human MC4R Constitutive Activity and Obesity-Associated Human MC4R Constitutive Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikus Botha ◽  
Shree S Kumar ◽  
Natasha Grimsey ◽  
Emma I Kay ◽  
Kathleen Grace Mountjoy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Constitutive Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Concentration Curves ◽  
Constitutively Active

Abstract The human melanocortin 4 receptor (hMC4R) plays a critical role in the regulation of energy balance with more than 150 distinct human obesity-associated mutations. Most exhibit defective MC4R functionality but six have been reported to associate with constitutive activity. This represents a conundrum since a lean phenotype is expected for enhanced MC4R signaling. Human melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein alpha (hMRAPα) induces hMC4R constitutive activity in transfected HEK293 cells (1,2). We do not know whether the hMRAPα-induced gain-in-function for hMC4R would cause, or prevent, obesity because of this conundrum. Here, we hypothesize that wild-type hMC4R, obesity-associated constitutively active hMC4R and hMRAPα-induced constitutive active hMC4R can exist in distinct conformational states and elicit distinct signaling profiles. To test this, we compared transiently expressed HA-hMC4R in HEK293 cells for basal and agonist activation for adenylyl cyclase, Cre driven β-galactosidase reporter transcription, and receptor protein expression. Six previously reported obesity-associated hMC4R constitutively active variants were compared with two hMC4R constitutively active mutations not associated with obesity, two hMC4R variants associated with protection from development of obesity, five non-constitutively active hMC4R mutations associated with obesity, hMRAPα co-expressed with hMC4R, and wild-type hMC4R. Our data confirm hMC4R constitutive activity coupling to both adenylyl cyclase and Cre β-galactosidase reporter for only two hMC4R variants associated with obesity (H76R & L250Q), one hMC4R mutation (H158R) not associated with obesity, and hMRAPα co-expressed with hMC4R. We show α-MSH stimulated concentration curves for wild-type hMC4R, H76R, L250Q & H158R hMC4R variants and hMRAPα co-expressed with hMC4R coupling to adenylyl cyclase. Surprisingly, out of these, only wild-type hMC4R and H158R hMC4R variant exhibited α-MSH-stimulated Cre β-galactosidase reporter concentration curves. Western blotting and ELISA showed ~70% reduced cell surface and total receptor protein expression for hMC4R co-expressed with hMRAPα and obesity-associated constitutively active hMC4R variants, compared to wild-type hMC4R. To summarize, two constitutively active hMC4R variants (H76R and L250Q) associated with obesity, and hMC4R co-expressed with hMRAPα, share a signaling profile comprising protein expression and α-MSH stimulated functional coupling to adenylyl cyclase and Cre-reporter gene expression. We conclude (1) if hMC4R is co-expressed with hMRAPα in vivo it would likely contribute to human obesity, and (2) obesity-associated constitutively active hMC4R variants exhibit a signaling anomaly that may underpin development of anti-obesity therapeutics. 1. Kay EI, et al. J Mol Endocrinol. 2013;50:203-215. 2. Kay EI, et al. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(10):e0140320.

scholarly journals Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor protein expression is enriched in synaptosomal and post-synaptic compartments of rat cortex

2010 ◽  
pp. no-no ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle C. Anastasio ◽  
Maria Fe Lanfranco ◽  
Marcy J. Bubar ◽  
Patricia K. Seitz ◽  
Sonja J. Stutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Rat Cortex
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