scholarly journals Lack of cyclin D2 impairing adult brain neurogenesis alters hippocampal-dependent behavioral tasks without reducing learning ability

2012 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Jedynak ◽  
Piotr Jaholkowski ◽  
Grazyna Wozniak ◽  
Carmen Sandi ◽  
Leszek Kaczmarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Brain ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Cyclin D2 ◽  
Behavioral Tasks

scholarly journals Dlk1 dosage regulates hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. e2015505118
Author(s):  
Raquel Montalbán-Loro ◽  
Glenda Lassi ◽  
Anna Lozano-Ureña ◽  
Ana Perez-Villalba ◽  
Esteban Jiménez-Villalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Neurogenic Niche ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Inherited Mutations

Neurogenesis in the adult brain gives rise to functional neurons, which integrate into neuronal circuits and modulate neural plasticity. Sustained neurogenesis throughout life occurs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and is hypothesized to be involved in behavioral/cognitive processes such as memory and in diseases. Genomic imprinting is of critical importance to brain development and normal behavior, and exemplifies how epigenetic states regulate genome function and gene dosage. While most genes are expressed from both alleles, imprinted genes are usually expressed from either the maternally or the paternally inherited chromosome. Here, we show that in contrast to its canonical imprinting in nonneurogenic regions, Delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1) is expressed biallelically in the SGZ, and both parental alleles are required for stem cell behavior and normal adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. To evaluate the effects of maternally, paternally, and biallelically inherited mutations within the Dlk1 gene in specific behavioral domains, we subjected Dlk1-mutant mice to a battery of tests that dissociate and evaluate the effects of Dlk1 dosage on spatial learning ability and on anxiety traits. Importantly, reduction in Dlk1 levels triggers specific cognitive abnormalities that affect aspects of discriminating differences in environmental stimuli, emphasizing the importance of selective absence of imprinting in this neurogenic niche.

scholarly journals The critical role of cyclin D2 in adult neurogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kowalczyk ◽  
Robert K. Filipkowski ◽  
Marcin Rylski ◽  
Grzegorz M. Wilczynski ◽  
Filip A. Konopacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Cyclin D2 ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Neuronal Precursors

Adult neurogenesis (i.e., proliferation and differentiation of neuronal precursors in the adult brain) is responsible for adding new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the olfactory bulb. We describe herein that adult mice mutated in the cell cycle regulatory gene Ccnd2, encoding cyclin D2, lack newly born neurons in both of these brain structures. In contrast, genetic ablation of cyclin D1 does not affect adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, we show that cyclin D2 is the only D-type cyclin (out of D1, D2, and D3) expressed in dividing cells derived from neuronal precursors present in the adult hippocampus. In contrast, all three cyclin D mRNAs are present in the cultures derived from 5-day-old hippocampi, when developmental neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus takes place. Thus, our results reveal the existence of molecular mechanisms discriminating adult versus developmental neurogeneses.

scholarly journals Impaired Generation of Transit-Amplifying Progenitors in the Adult Subventricular Zone of Cyclin D2 Knockout Mice

Cells ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Rafał Płatek ◽  
Piotr Rogujski ◽  
Jarosław Mazuryk ◽  
Marta B. Wiśniewska ◽  
Leszek Kaczmarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Cyclin D2 ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Neural Precursors ◽  
Neurogenic Niche ◽  
Regenerative Therapies

In the adult brain, new neurons are constitutively derived from postnatal neural stem cells/progenitors located in two neurogenic regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (migrating and differentiating into different subtypes of the inhibitory interneurons of the olfactory bulbs), and the subgranular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Cyclin D2 knockout (cD2-KO) mice exhibit reduced numbers of new hippocampal neurons; however, the proliferation deficiency and the dysregulation of adult neurogenesis in the SVZ required further investigation. In this report, we characterized the differentiation potential of each subpopulation of the SVZ neural precursors in cD2-KO mice. The number of newly generated cells in the SVZs was significantly decreased in cD2-KO mice compared to wild type mice (WT), and was not accompanied by elevated levels of apoptosis. Although the number of B1-type quiescent precursors (B1q) and the overall B1-type activated precursors (B1a) were not affected in the SVZ neurogenic niche, the number of transit-amplifying progenitors (TaPs) was significantly reduced. Additionally, the subpopulations of calbindin D28k and calretinin interneurons were diminished in the olfactory bulbs of cD2-KO mice. Our results suggest that cyclin D2 might be critical for the proliferation of neural precursors and progenitors in the SVZ—the transition of B1a into TaPs and, thereafter, the production of newly generated interneurons in the olfactory bulbs. Untangling regulators that functionally modulate adult neurogenesis provides a basis for the development of regenerative therapies for injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals New hippocampal neurons are not obligatory for memory formation; cyclin D2 knockout mice with no adult brain neurogenesis show learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jaholkowski ◽  
A. Kiryk ◽  
P. Jedynak ◽  
N. M. Ben Abdallah ◽  
E. Knapska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Cyclin D2

Measuring Word Learning Ability in Sequential Bilingual Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pui Fong Kan
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Learning Skills ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Novel Word Learning ◽  
L1 And L2

Abstract The purpose of this article is to look at the word learning skills in sequential bilingual children—children who learn two languages (L1 and L2) at different times in their childhood. Learning a new word is a process of learning a word form and relating this form to a concept. For bilingual children, each concept might need to map onto two word forms (in L1 and in L2). In case studies, I present 3 typically developing Hmong-English bilingual preschoolers' word learning skills in Hmong (L1) and in English (L2) during an 8-week period (4 weeks for each language). The results showed gains in novel-word knowledge in L1 and in L2 when the amount of input is equal for both languages. The individual differences in novel word learning are discussed.

Predicting Affective Cognitions in the Resting Adult Brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Bush ◽  
Anthony Privratsky ◽  
Clinton Kilts
Keyword(s):  
Adult Brain
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