Measurement of the smoke layer interface in fires

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-wei Yao ◽  
Ji-bin Chen ◽  
Zhe Zhao ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Dong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Layer Interface ◽  
Smoke Layer

MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE LAYER INTERFACE HEIGHT FOR HOT SMOKE TESTS IN TUNNELS

Equipment ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Hu ◽  
W. K. Chow ◽  
Y. Z. Li ◽  
R. Huo
Keyword(s):  
Layer Interface ◽  
Smoke Layer

scholarly journals Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Fire Smoke Dispersion and Control Strategy in Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6000
Author(s):  
Ricardo S. Gomez ◽  
Túlio R. N. Porto ◽  
Hortência L. F. Magalhães ◽  
Antonio C. Q. Santos ◽  
Victor H. V. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Layer Interface ◽  
Smoke Dispersion ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
And Control

Smoke is the main threat of death in fires. For this reason, it becomes extremely important to understand the dispersion of this pollutant and to verify the influence of different control systems on its spread through buildings, in order to avoid or minimize its effects on living beings. Thus, this work aims to perform thermo-fluid dynamic study of smoke dispersion in a closed environment. All numerical analysis was performed using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software. Different simulations were carried out to evaluate the influence of the exhaust system (natural or mechanical), the heat release rate (HRR), ventilation and the smoke curtain in the pollutant dispersion. Results of the smoke layer interface height, temperature profile, average exhaust volumetric flow rate, pressure and velocity distribution are presented and discussed. The results indicate that an increase in the natural exhaust area increases the smoke layer interface height, only for the well-ventilated compartment (open windows); an increase in the HRR accelerates the downward vertical displacement of the smoke layer and that the 3 m smoke curtain is efficient in exhausting smoke, only in the case of poorly ventilated compartments (i.e., with closed windows).

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on a Rise-Time of Smoke Layer Interface in Vertical Shaft

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
JY Zhang ◽  
YQ Li ◽  
R Huo ◽  
YZ Li ◽  
WL Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rise Time ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Layer Interface ◽  
Smoke Layer

Determination of smoke layer interface height of medium scale tunnel fire scenarios

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.H. Gao ◽  
J. Ji ◽  
C.G. Fan ◽  
L.J. Li ◽  
J.H. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Medium Scale ◽  
Layer Interface ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Fire Scenarios

Using FDS to Simulate Smoke Layer Interface Height in a Simple Atrium

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kerber ◽  
James A. Milke
Keyword(s):  
Layer Interface ◽  
Smoke Layer

Defense Data Network C/30E Physical Layer Interface Guide

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONS AGENCY ARLINGTON VA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Layer ◽  
Data Network ◽  
Layer Interface

Interfacial Energy Alignment at the ITO/Ultra-Thin Electron Selective Dielectric Layer Interface and Its Effect on the Efficiency of Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 3248-3253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Itoh ◽  
Yoshinori Goto ◽  
Yusuke Saka ◽  
Katsutoshi Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Electronic Charge ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Layer Interface

We have investigated the photovoltaic properties of an inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) cell in a device with an indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/electron selective layer (ESL)/P3HT:PCBM active layer/MoOx/Ag multilayered structure. The insertion of only single layer of poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) cationic polymer film (or poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) polymeric interfacial dipole layer) and titanium oxide nanosheet (TN) films as an ESL effectively improved cell performance. Abnormal S-shaped curves were observed in the inverted BHJ cells owing to the contact resistance across the ITO/active layer interface and the ITO/PDDA/TN/active layer interface. The series resistance across the ITO/ESL interface in the inverted BHJ cell was successfully reduced using an interfacial layer with a positively charged surface potential with respect to ITO base electrode. The positive dipole in PEI and the electronic charge phenomena at the electrophoretic deposited TN (ED-TN) films on ITO contributed to the reduction of the contact resistance at the electrode interface. The surface potential measurement revealed that the energy alignment by the transfer of electronic charges from the ED-TN to the base electrodes. The insertion of the ESL with a large positive surface potential reduced the potential barrier for the electron injection at ITO/TN interface and it improved the photovoltaic properties of the inverted cell with an ITO/TN/active layer/MoOx/Ag structure.

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