Determination of smoke layer interface height of medium scale tunnel fire scenarios

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.H. Gao ◽  
J. Ji ◽  
C.G. Fan ◽  
L.J. Li ◽  
J.H. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Medium Scale ◽  
Layer Interface ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Fire Scenarios

MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE LAYER INTERFACE HEIGHT FOR HOT SMOKE TESTS IN TUNNELS

Equipment ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Hu ◽  
W. K. Chow ◽  
Y. Z. Li ◽  
R. Huo
Keyword(s):  
Layer Interface ◽  
Smoke Layer

Progressive Collapse Approach Compared to the Traditional Temperature Screening on Structural Assessment of Offshore Structures Against Fire

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula T. Nascimento ◽  
Marco A. P. Rosas ◽  
Leonardo Brandão ◽  
Fernando Castanheira
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Fire Scenarios

The present study compares the progressive collapse approach with the traditional temperature screening method on determination of PFP requirements at topside offshore structures. The advantage to evaluate the consequences of fire scenarios on the global integrity and stability of topside modules can be revealed by a substantial reduction of the required amount of PFP, and consequently significant cost savings for operators, when compared to the traditional approach. In the case study presented in this paper, there is a reduction of 79% in PFP allocation.

Computerized Reconstruction of Building Fires

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Behavioral Interactions ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Important Time

Abstract A fire development simulation model is described which provides estimates of the amount and temperature of the smoke layer produced, the evolution of toxic gases, and the amount of time available from the onset of fire for the safe departure of occupants. Its results can be used to determine the key features of the fire evolution and the corresponding danger to occupants. Studies of this type help to validate or deny the suggested fire scenario and witness statements. Mathematical modeling thus helps to discriminate between alternative fire scenarios by evaluating the consequences and comparing them with observations. The software consists of data, procedures, and computer programs which simulate important time-dependent phenomena involved in residential fires. Based on sound scientific and mathematical principles, predictions are made of the production of energy and mass (smoke and gases) by one or more burning objects in one room, based on small or large scale measurements. The buoyancy-driven transport of this energy and mass through a series of user-specified rooms and connections is then computed (doors, windows, cracks, etc.). The resulting temperatures, smoke optical densities, and gas concentrations (after accounting for heat transfer to surfaces and dilution by mixing with clean air) are linked to the problem of egress. The evacuation process of a set of occupants may be simulated, accounting for delays in notification, decision making, behavioral interactions, and inherent capabilities.

Determination of dip and anisotropy from transient triaxial induction measurements

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. D105-D112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiko Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Early Time ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Layer Interface ◽  
Anisotropic Formation

The dip and anisotropy of an anisotropic formation were algebraically determined from the transient triaxial induction data without inversion. The time-dependent apparent dip and the apparent anisotropy, algebraically defined from the triaxial transient induction measurements, were applied in a two-layer formation. The apparent dip yielded the true dip in an anisotropic formation, as well as in layered formations, though it yielded the zero dip in an isotropic formation. At early time the apparent anisotropy yielded the true anisotropy of the layer on which the induction tool was located, and at later time the macroscopic anisotropy for a larger volume of investigation. The distance to the layer interface was identified by the transition time when the apparent dip and the apparent anisotropy change the values.

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