Weakly bound buffer layer as a template for metallic nano-clusters growth and film laser-patterning

2007 ◽  
Vol 253 (15) ◽  
pp. 6545-6549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elad Gross ◽  
Ori Stein ◽  
Micha Asscher
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Weakly Bound ◽  
Laser Patterning

Laser patterning of metallic films via buffer layer

2004 ◽  
Vol 557 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Kerner ◽  
Micha Asscher
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Laser Patterning

Buffer Layer Assisted Laser Patterning of Metals on Surfaces

Nano Letters ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1433-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Kerner ◽  
Micha Asscher
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Laser Patterning

Microstructural changes of Aluminum Nitride after laser irradiation and electroless copper deposition

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
S. Cao ◽  
A. J. Pedraza ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Electroless Deposition ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Laser Patterning ◽  
Electroless Copper ◽  
Excimer Laser Irradiation ◽  
Laser Effect

Excimer-laser irradiation strongly modifies the near-surface region of aluminum nitride (AIN) substrates. The surface acquires a distinctive metallic appearance and the electrical resistivity of the near-surface region drastically decreases after laser irradiation. These results indicate that Al forms at the surface as a result of the decomposition of the Al (which has been confirmed by XPS). A computer model that incorporates two opposing phenomena, decomposition of the AIN that leaves a metallic Al film on the surface, and thermal evaporation of the Al, demonstrated that saturation of film thickness and, hence, of electrical resistance is reached when the rate of Al evaporation equals the rate of AIN decomposition. In an electroless copper bath, Cu is only deposited in laser-irradiated areas. This laser effect has been designated laser activation for electroless deposition. Laser activation eliminates the need of seeding for nucleating the initial layer of electroless Cu. Thus, AIN metallization can be achieved by laser patterning followed by electroless deposition.

CRYO-Electron Microscopy of the Acto-Myosin-ATP Complex

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
John Trinickt ◽  
Howard White
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Myosin Head ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Weakly Bound ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Myosin Subfragment 1 ◽  
Attached State ◽  
High Fraction

The primary force of muscle contraction is thought to involve a change in the myosin head whilst attached to actin, the energy coming from ATP hydrolysis. This change in attached state could either be a conformational change in the head or an alteration in the binding angle made with actin. A considerable amount is known about one bound state, the so-called strongly attached state, which occurs in the presence of ADP or in the absence of nucleotide. In this state, which probably corresponds to the last attached state of the force-producing cycle, the angle between the long axis myosin head and the actin filament is roughly 45°. Details of other attached states before and during power production have been difficult to obtain because, even at very high protein concentration, the complex is almost completely dissociated by ATP. Electron micrographs of the complex in the presence of ATP have therefore been obtained only after chemically cross-linking myosin subfragment-1 (S1) to actin filaments to prevent dissociation. But it is unclear then whether the variability in attachment angle observed is due merely to the cross-link acting as a hinge.We have recently found low ionic-strength conditions under which, without resorting to cross-linking, a high fraction of S1 is bound to actin during steady state ATP hydrolysis. The structure of this complex is being studied by cryo-electron microscopy of hydrated specimens. Most advantages of frozen specimens over ambient temperature methods such as negative staining have already been documented. These include improved preservation and fixation rates and the ability to observe protein directly rather than a surrounding stain envelope. In the present experiments, hydrated specimens have the additional benefit that it is feasible to use protein concentrations roughly two orders of magnitude higher than in conventional specimens, thereby reducing dissociation of weakly bound complexes.

In-Situ Study of NiO Growth on Textured Nickel Tape Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) and Hot Stage

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1276-1277
Author(s):  
Y. Akin ◽  
R.E. Goddard ◽  
W. Sigmund ◽  
Y.S. Hascicek
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Superconducting Film ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing

Deposition of highly textured ReBa2Cu3O7−δ (RBCO) films on metallic substrates requires a buffer layer to prevent chemical reactions, reduce lattice mismatch between metallic substrate and superconducting film layer, and to prevent diffusion of metal atoms into the superconductor film. Nickel tapes are bi-axially textured by cold rolling and annealing at appropriate temperature (RABiTS) for epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films. As buffer layers, several oxide thin films and then YBCO were coated on bi-axially textured nickel tapes by dip coating sol-gel process. Biaxially oriented NiO on the cube-textured nickel tape by a process named Surface-Oxidation- Epitaxy (SEO) has been introduced as an alternative buffer layer. in this work we have studied in situ growth of nickel oxide by ESEM and hot stage.Representative cold rolled nickel tape (99.999%) was annealed in an electric furnace under 4% hydrogen-96% argon gas mixture at 1050°C to get bi-axially textured nickel tape.

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