Range use is related to free-range broiler chickens’ behavioral responses during food and social conditioned place preference tests

Effect of free-range access, shelter type and weather conditions on free-range use and welfare of slow-growing broiler chickens

Applied Animal Behaviour Science ◽

10.1016/j.applanim.2016.11.008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 192 ◽

pp. 15-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Lisanne M. Stadig ◽

T. Bas Rodenburg ◽

Bart Ampe ◽

Bert Reubens ◽

Frank A.M. Tuyttens

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Range Use ◽

Free Range ◽

Slow Growing

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Loss of β-arrestin2 in D2 cells alters neuronal excitability in the nucleus accumbens and behavioral responses to psychostimulants and opioids

10.1101/685719 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsten A. Porter-Stransky ◽

Alyssa K. Petko ◽

Saumya L. Karne ◽

L. Cameron Liles ◽

Nikhil M. Urs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

G Protein ◽

Conditioned Place Preference ◽

Neuronal Excitability ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Place Preference ◽

Locomotor Sensitization ◽

Drug Induced ◽

G Protein Coupled

AbstractPsychostimulants and opioids increase dopamine (DA) neurotransmission, activating D1 and D2 G protein-coupled receptors. β-arrestin2 (βarr2) desensitizes and internalizes these receptors and initiates G protein-independent signaling. Previous work revealed that mice with a global or cell-specific knockout of βarr2 have altered responses to certain drugs; however, the effects of βarr2 on the excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and its role in mediating the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse are unknown. D1-Cre and D2-Cre transgenic mice were crossed with floxed βarr2 mice to eliminate βarr2 specifically in cells containing either D1 (D1βarr2-KO) or D2 (D2βarr2-KO) receptors. We used slice electrophysiology to characterize the role of βarr2 in modulating D1 and D2 nucleus accumbens MSN intrinsic excitability in response to DA and tested the locomotor-activating and rewarding effects of cocaine and morphine in these mice. We found that eliminating βarr2 attenuated the ability of DA to inhibit D2-MSNs but had little effect on the DA response of D1-MSNs. While D1βarr2-KO mice had mostly normal drug responses, D2βarr2-KO mice showed dose-dependent reductions in acute locomotor responses to cocaine and morphine, attenuated locomotor sensitization to cocaine, and blunted cocaine reward measured with conditioned place preference. Both D2βarr2-KO and D1βarr2-KO mice displayed an enhanced conditioned place preference for the highest dose of morphine. These results indicate that D2-derived βarr2 functionally contributes to the ability of DA to inhibit D2-MSNs and multiple behavioral responses to psychostimulants and opioids, while loss of βarr2 in D1 neurons has little impact on D1-MSN excitability or drug-induced behaviors.

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Orexin signaling is necessary for hypoglycemia-induced prevention of conditioned place preference

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00066.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 310 (1) ◽

pp. R66-R73 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Oleg Otlivanchik ◽

Nicole M. Sanders ◽

Ambrose Dunn-Meynell ◽

Barry E. Levin

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Conditioned Place Preference ◽

Neural Control ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Place Preference ◽

Behavioral Measure ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Behavioral Arousal ◽

Hypoglycemia Unawareness ◽

Recurrent Hypoglycemia

While the neural control of glucoregulatory responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia is beginning to be elucidated, brain sites responsible for behavioral responses to hypoglycemia are relatively poorly understood. To help elucidate central control mechanisms associated with hypoglycemia unawareness, we first evaluated the effect of recurrent hypoglycemia on a simple behavioral measure, the robust feeding response to hypoglycemia, in rats. First, food intake was significantly, and similarly, increased above baseline saline-induced intake (1.1 ± 0.2 g; n = 8) in rats experiencing a first (4.4 ± 0.3; n = 8) or third daily episode of recurrent insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH, 3.7 ± 0.3 g; n = 9; P < 0.05). Because food intake was not impaired as a result of prior IIH, we next developed an alternative animal model of hypoglycemia-induced behavioral arousal using a conditioned place preference (CPP) model. We found that hypoglycemia severely blunted previously acquired CPP in rats and that recurrent hypoglycemia prevented this blunting. Pretreatment with a brain penetrant, selective orexin receptor-1 antagonist, SB-334867A, blocked hypoglycemia-induced blunting of CPP. Recurrently hypoglycemic rats also showed decreased preproorexin expression in the perifornical hypothalamus (50%) but not in the adjacent lateral hypothalamus. Pretreatment with sertraline, previously shown to prevent hypoglycemia-associated glucoregulatory failure, did not prevent blunting of hypoglycemia-induced CPP prevention by recurrent hypoglycemia. This work describes the first behavioral model of hypoglycemia unawareness and suggests a role for orexin neurons in mediating behavioral responses to hypoglycemia.

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Higher fear of predators does not decrease outdoor range use in free-range Rowan Ranger broiler chickens

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science ◽

10.1080/09064702.2017.1337214 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 231-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Lindholm ◽

L. Karlsson ◽

A. Johansson ◽

J. Altimiras

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Range Use ◽

Free Range

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Working for food is related to range use in free-range broiler chickens

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85867-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vitor Hugo Bessa Ferreira ◽

Arthur Simoni ◽

Karine Germain ◽

Christine Leterrier ◽

Léa Lansade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Home Environment ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Gallus Domesticus ◽

The Other ◽

Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽

Individual Motivation ◽

Range Use ◽

Free Range ◽

The Individual

AbstractWhen animals prefer to make efforts to obtain food instead of acquiring it from freely available sources, they exhibit what is called contrafreeloading. Recently, individual differences in behavior, such as exploration, were shown to be linked to how prone an individual may be to contrafreeload. In this work, our main objective was to test whether and how individual differences in range use of free-range broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were related to the individual motivation to contrafreeload. We also verified whether other behavioral variations could relate to range use. To that aim, over three different periods (before range access, first weeks of range access, and last weeks of range access), chickens with different ranging levels (low and high rangers) were submitted to a contrafreeloading test and had different behaviors recorded (such as foraging, resting, locomotion) in their home environment. During the contrafreeloading test, chickens were conditioned to one chamber presenting a foraging substrate and mealworms, while in the other chamber, mealworms were freely available on the floor. During testing trials, chickens had access to both empty chambers, and the time spent in each chamber was quantified. On average, low rangers preferred the chamber where mealworms were easily accessible (without the foraging substrate), while high rangers preferred the chamber where mealworms were accessible with difficulty, showing greater contrafreeloading. Out of ten behaviors recorded in chickens' home environment, foraging was the only one that differed significantly between our two ranging groups, with low rangers foraging, on average, significantly less than high rangers. These results corroborate previous experiences suggesting that range use is probably linked to chickens' exploratory trait and suggest that individual differences in free-range broiler chickens are present even before range access. Increasing our knowledge of individual particularities is a necessary step to improve free-range chicken welfare on the farm.

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