Integration into the dairy cow herd: Long-term effects of mother contact during the first twelve weeks of life

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Wagner ◽  
Kerstin Barth ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
Andreas Futschik ◽  
Susanne Waiblinger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on the Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Nathaly Cancino-Padilla ◽  
Natalia Catalán ◽  
Karen Siu-Ting ◽  
Christopher J. Creevey ◽  
Sharon A. Huws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

Dietary lipids increase energy density in dairy cow diets and in some cases can increase beneficial fatty acids (FA) in milk and dairy products. However, the degree of FA saturation may affect the rumen microbiome. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) or unsaturated (olive oil; OO) fatty acid (FA) sources on the rumen microbiome of dairy cows. For 63 days, 15 mid-lactating cows were fed with either a basal diet (no fat supplement), or the basal diet supplemented with 3% dry matter (DM), either HVO or OO. Rumen contents were collected on days 21, 42 and 63 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results reveal dominance of the phyla Firmicutes (71.5%) and Bacteroidetes (26.2%), and their respective prevalent genera Succiniclasticum (19.4%) and Prevotella (16.6%). Succiniclasticum increased with both treatments at all time points. Prevotella was reduced on day 42 in both diets. Bacterial diversity alpha or beta were not affected by diets. Predicted bacterial functions by CowPI showed changes in energy and protein metabolism. Overall, 3% DM of lipid supplementation over 63 days can be used in dairy cow diets without major impacts on global bacterial community structure.

Effect of amount and composition of feed given over three lactations on the performance of the dairy cow

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Broster ◽  
A. June Clements ◽  
Valerie J. Broster ◽  
Tim Smith ◽  
Jonathan W. Siviter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

SummaryEighty-nine autumn-calving first calf and adult Friesian cows participated in an experiment on the effect of feeding over three lactations on milk production and live weight change. Fixed daily allowances of digestible energy (DE) formed two of the treatments (high, H; moderate, M). Diets of similar composition were used for both treatments and rations were weighed daily for each cow. The cows within these treatments were re-randomized to H or M at second and again at third parturition on experiment. A further treatment (ALF), applied continuously over three lactations, consisted of the M allowance of compound feed, weighed daily for each cow, plus ad lib. weighed, group-fed forages. The ALF animals were randomized for each lactation into two groups both of which received the same total compound feed allowance over the first 26 weeks of lactation. For one group (Flat) equal amounts were given daily whilst for the other group (Step) the daily amount was decreased monthly. After week 26 equal rations were fed. Hay, maize silage and grass silage formed the forages in winter. Grass, cut for the H and M groups but grazed for the ALF group, provided the summer forage. Energy intakes covered some 80–110% of requirements (Alderman et al. 1975)Yields of milk and of milk solids responded similarly for both parities. In the first experimental lactation, treatment H led to greater yields compared with M. H also led to smaller losses of live weight in early lactation, equal gains in mid lactation, and smaller gains in late lactation and the dry period, compared with M. Extension of H into a second lactation increased the advantage in milk and solids yields observed in the first lactation on experiment. Recovery of body reserves on treatment M continued. Treatment H in a second lactation on experiment after M in the first lactation led to even greater compensatory gains in live weight at the expense of milk production. There was no effect in the third lactation on experiment of treatments applied in the first lactation. Treatments H and M applied factorially over lactations 2 and 3 gave the same pattern of treatment effects as in lactations 1 and 2. Treatment ALF broadly supported the same milk yield and live weight change as treatment H but improved fat, protein and lactose yields. Within treatment ALF, Flat and Step distribution of compound led to equal performance. Multiple lactation effects of ALF equalled those of H. The effects on milk composition of H compared with M treatment were variable. In general an advantage accrued to ALF over M but without long term effects.The effect of variation in intake on performance of the dairy cow has been extensively documented for short periods within lactations (Broster, 1972), and more so for milk production than live weight change. However, the evidence on the size and development of effects of variation in feeding over protracted periods within the adult life span of the dairy cow, e.g. some four lactations in the UK, is extremely limited (Broster & Broster, 1984; Broster et al. 1984), both for plane of nutrition and for diet composition. The problem has added point with the introduction of simplified feeding systems which lead to the provision of less attention to the individual cow than hitherto (Johnson, 1982; Leaver, 1986). This dearth of information on the long term feeding of the adult contrasts with the widely gathered evidence on the effect of feeding during rearing on the performance of the mature cow, which is also an important long term relationship. More multi-lactation research is needed and in the present trial, with both young and adult lactating cows, the effects of amount and composition of feed allowance over three lactations were studied.

scholarly journals Holsteins Favor Heifers, Not Bulls: Biased Milk Production Programmed during Pregnancy as a Function of Fetal Sex

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Hinde ◽  
Abigail J Carpenter ◽  
John C Clay ◽  
Barry J Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Fetal Sex

Mammalian females pay high energetic costs for reproduction, the greatest of which is imposed by lactation. The synthesis of milk requires, in part, the mobilization of bodily reserves to nourish developing young. Numerous hypotheses have been advanced to predict how mothers will differentially invest in sons and daughters, however few studies have addressed sex-biased milk synthesis. Here we leverage the dairy cow model to investigate such phenomena. Using 2.39 million lactation records from 1.49 million dairy cows, we demonstrate that the sex of the fetus influences the capacity of the mammary gland to synthesize milk during lactation. Cows favor daughters, producing significantly more milk for daughters than for sons across lactation. Using a sub-sample of this dataset (N=113,750 subjects) we further demonstrate that the effects of fetal sex interact dynamically across parities, whereby the sex of the fetus being gestated can enhance or diminish the production of milk during an established lactation. Moreover the sex of the fetus gestated on the first parity has persistent consequences for milk synthesis on the subsequent parity. Specifically, gestation of a daughter on the first parity increases milk production by ~445 kg over the first two lactations. Our results identify a dramatic and sustained programming of mammary function by offspring in utero. Nutritional and endocrine conditions in utero are known to have pronounced and long-term effects on progeny, but the ways in which the progeny has sustained physiological effects on the dam have received little attention to date.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Long-Term Effects of Head Lice Tx Unknown

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
MITCHEL L. ZOLER
Keyword(s):  
Head Lice ◽  
Long Term Effects
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