scholarly journals BEC–BCS crossover, phase transitions and phase separation in polarized resonantly-paired superfluids

2007 ◽  
Vol 322 (8) ◽  
pp. 1790-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Sheehy ◽  
Leo Radzihovsky
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Crossover Phase

scholarly journals Prion-Like Proteins in Phase Separation and Their Link to Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Macy L. Sprunger ◽  
Meredith E. Jackrel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Important Physiological Process ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Aberrant protein folding underpins many neurodegenerative diseases as well as certain myopathies and cancers. Protein misfolding can be driven by the presence of distinctive prion and prion-like regions within certain proteins. These prion and prion-like regions have also been found to drive liquid-liquid phase separation. Liquid-liquid phase separation is thought to be an important physiological process, but one that is prone to malfunction. Thus, aberrant liquid-to-solid phase transitions may drive protein aggregation and fibrillization, which could give rise to pathological inclusions. Here, we review prions and prion-like proteins, their roles in phase separation and disease, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to counter aberrant phase transitions.

Oxide Ion Conductivity, Phase Transitions, and Phase Separation in Fluorite-Based Bi38−xMo7+xO78+1.5x

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 4484-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Kuang ◽  
Yuandi Li ◽  
Chris D. Ling ◽  
Ray L. Withers ◽  
Ivana Radosavljević Evans
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Ion Conductivity ◽  
Oxide Ion Conductivity ◽  
Oxide Ion

scholarly journals Liquid-liquid phase separation and morphology of internally mixed dicarboxylic acids/ammonium sulfate/water particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 29141-29194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Song ◽  
C. Marcolli ◽  
U. K. Krieger ◽  
A. Zuend ◽  
T. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Abstract. Knowledge of the physical state and morphology of internally mixed organic/inorganic aerosol particles is still largely uncertain. To obtain more detailed information on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and morphology of the particles, we investigated complex mixtures of atmospherically relevant dicarboxylic acids containing 5–7 carbon atoms (C5, C6 and C7) having oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratios (O:C) of 0.80, 0.67, and 0.57, respectively, mixed with ammonium sulfate (AS). With micrometer-sized particles of C5/AS/H2O, C6/AS/H2O and C7/AS/H2O as model systems deposited on a hydrophobically coated substrate, laboratory experiments were conducted for various organic-to-inorganic dry mass ratios (OIR) using optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. When exposed to cycles of relative humidity (RH), each system showed significantly different phase transitions. While the C5/AS/H2O particles showed no LLPS with OIR = 2:1, 1:1 and 1:4 down to 20% RH, the C6/AS/H2O and C7/AS/H2O particles exhibit LLPS upon drying at RH 50% to 85% and ~90%, respectively, via spinodal decomposition, growth of a second phase from the particle surface or nucleation-and-growth mechanisms depending on the OIR. This suggests that LLPS commonly occurs within the range of O:C<0.7 in tropospheric organic-inorganic aerosols. To support the comparison and interpretation of the experimentally observed phase transitions, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed with the AIOMFAC model. For the C7/AS/H2O and C6/AS/H2O systems, the calculated phase diagrams agree well with the observations while for the C5/AS/H2O system LLPS is predicted by the model at RH below 60% and higher AS concentration, but was not observed in the experiments. Both core-shell structures and partially engulfed structures were observed for the investigated particles, suggesting that such morphologies might also exist in tropospheric aerosols.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Disorder-Based Emergence in Cellular Biology: Physiological and Pathological Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions in Cells

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 990 ◽  
Author(s):  
April L. Darling ◽  
Boris Y. Zaslavsky ◽  
Vladimir N. Uversky
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Intrinsic Disorder ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
In Cells

The visible outcome of liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs) in cells is the formation and disintegration of various proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs). Although LLPTs and related PMLOs have been observed in living cells for over 200 years, the physiological functions of these transitions (also known as liquid-liquid phase separation, LLPS) are just starting to be understood. While unveiling the functionality of these transitions is important, they have come into light more recently due to the association of abnormal LLPTs with various pathological conditions. In fact, several maladies, such as various cancers, different neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, are known to be associated with either aberrant LLPTs or some pathological transformations within the resultant PMLOs. Here, we will highlight both the physiological functions of cellular liquid-liquid phase transitions as well as the pathological consequences produced through both dysregulated biogenesis of PMLOs and the loss of their dynamics. We will also discuss the potential downstream toxic effects of proteins that are involved in pathological formations.

Phase separation of diamine chain-extended poly(urethane) copolymers: FTIR spectroscopy and phase transitions

Polymer ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 2711-2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T Garrett ◽  
Ruijian Xu ◽  
Jaedong Cho ◽  
James Runt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy

Theory of coupled phase transitions: Phase separation and abnormal variation of order parameter

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 4465-4468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhong ◽  
M. Jiang ◽  
D. Y. Xing ◽  
Jinming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Abnormal Variation

scholarly journals Coupling between lipid miscibility and phosphotyrosine driven protein condensation at the membrane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Chung ◽  
W. Y. C. Huang ◽  
C. B. Carbone ◽  
L. M. Nocka ◽  
A. N. Parikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sos Protein ◽  
Lipid Phase Separation

AbstractLipid miscibility phase separation has long been considered to be a central element of cell membrane organization. More recently, protein condensation phase transitions, into three-dimensional droplets or in two-dimensional lattices on membrane surfaces, have emerged as another important organizational principle within cells. Here, we reconstitute the LAT:Grb2:SOS protein condensation on the surface of giant unilamellar vesicles capable of undergoing lipid phase separations. Our results indicate that assembly of the protein condensate on the membrane surface can drive lipid phase separation. This phase transition occurs isothermally and is governed by tyrosine phosphorylation on LAT. Furthermore, we observe that the induced lipid phase separation drives localization of the SOS substrate, K-Ras, into the LAT:Grb2:SOS protein condensate.Statement of SignificanceProtein condensation phase transitions are emerging as an important organizing principles in cells. One such condensate plays a key role in T cell receptor signaling. Immediately after receptor activation, multivalent phosphorylation of the adaptor protein LAT at the plasma membrane leads to networked assembly of a number of signaling proteins into a two-dimensional condensate on the membrane surface. In this study, we demonstrate that LAT condensates in reconstituted vesicles are sufficient to drive lipid phase separation. This lipid reorganization drives another key downstream signaling molecule, Ras, into the LAT condensates. These results show that the LAT condensation phase transition, which is actively controlled by phosphorylation reactions, extends its influence to control lipid phase separation in the underlying membrane.

Phase Separation and Phase Transitions in Multiferroic K0.58FeF3with the Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (24) ◽  
pp. 5440-5445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Reisinger ◽  
Marc Leblanc ◽  
Anne-Marie Mercier ◽  
Chiu C. Tang ◽  
Julia E. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Tungsten Bronze Structure ◽  
Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document