scholarly journals Role of angiotensin receptor blockers as monotherapy in reaching blood pressure goals

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
S OPARIL ◽  
T SILFANI ◽  
J WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Blood Pressure Goals

Drug Interactions with Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: Role of Human Cytochromes P450

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Yang ◽  
Zhiqiang Luo ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Mohan Sun ◽  
Ling Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockers

scholarly journals Blood Pressure Control: Stroke and Stroke Prevention

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S8-S11
Author(s):  
Hans-Christoph Diener
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Receptor Blockers

Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for primary and secondary stroke prevention. All antihypertensive drugs are effective in primary prevention: the risk reduction for stroke is 30—42%. However, not all classes of drugs have the same effects: there is some indication that angiotensin receptor blockers may be superior to other classes of antihypertensive drugs in stroke prevention. Seventy-five percent of patients who present to hospital with acute stroke have elevated blood pressure within the first 24—48 hours. Extremes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase the risk of death or dependency. The aim of treatment should be to achieve and maintain the SBP in the range 140—160 mmHg. However, fast and drastic blood pressure lowering can have adverse consequences. The PROGRESS trial of secondary prevention with perindopril + indapamide versus placebo + placebo showed a decrease in numbers of stroke recurrences in patients given both active antihypertensive agents, more impressive for cerebral haemorrhage.There were also indications that active treatment might decrease the development of post-stroke dementia.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Kanwal Ashiq ◽  
Sana Ashiq
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Hypertensive Therapy

Dear Editor, In December 2019, a new virus which is known as SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) was identified. In a short period, this virus spread rapidly and caused significant morbidities and mortalities across the earth. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic due to the logarithmic expansion of COVID-19 cases globally.1 Various guidelines were issued, and a complete lockdown has been observed on a large scale to stop the spread of the virus. Currently, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 is available. Throughout the year 2020, scientists struggled a lot to find the COVID-19 cure, and many vaccines are successfully developed which would be helpful in the prevention of disease. Nevertheless, the emergence of virus variants remains an issue. The epidemiological trends and clinical features of this disease have been reported in several publications.2 Due to comorbidities, COVID-19 disease can exacerbate and may result in increased severity and deadly consequences. In a study, the most common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients were reported as following; diabetes (19%), hypertension (30%), and coronary heart disease (8%). In hypertension, blood pressure elevates from the threshold level. The occurrence of hypertension is not necessarily to be associated with COVID-19 as hypertension is quite frequent in geriatric patients, and these patients are at higher risk of being infected with COVID-19.3,4 Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely prescribed for the cure of hypertension and other cardiovascular-related diseases. On the other hand, the COVID-19 virus binds with ACE2 to gain entry into the lung cells. ACE inhibitors and ARBs escalate ACE2 that could hypothetically increase the chance of COVID-19 binding to lung cells and could headway to more damage. Conversely, in experimental studies, ACE2 showed a protective effect against lung injury. Due to the anti-inflammatory potential of ACE inhibitors and ARBs, these agents can reduce the incidence of developing myocarditis and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients. There is no evidence that hypertension is linked with the COVID-19 and anti-hypertensive medicines (ACE inhibitors and ARBs) are either harmful or beneficial during the COVID-19 pandemic.5 During this unprecedented situation, the Council on Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology released a statement that “The Council on Hypertension strongly recommends that physicians and patients should continue treatment with their usual anti-hypertensive therapy because there is no clinical or scientific evidence to suggest that treatment with ACEIs or ARBs should be discontinued because of the COVID-19 infection.” After this announcement, many other societies also recommend that patients should continue using their current hypertensive therapy and if necessary, after careful assessment, changes can be made in the hypertensive regimen.6 According to estimation, globally, 1.5 billion people can suffer from hypertension by 2025 which may contribute approximately 75% of stroke risk and 50% of heart disease risk. CVDs accounts almost 38% of deaths related to the non-communicated disease (NCDs). In Pakistan, hypertension is a chief health concern that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure can be control with medications and lifestyle modifications. One of the best approaches to control and improve blood pressure is team-based care consisting of doctors, pharmacists, and nurses. During COVID-19, collaborative efforts are required to improve patient’s quality of life and to reduce the healthcare burden.7,8 Keywords: COVID-19, Hypertension, Pandemic, ACE inhibitors References Ashiq K, Bajwa MA, Ashiq S. COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Pharmacy Education. Turkish J Pharma Sci. 2021;18(2):122. Ashiq K, Ashiq S, Bajwa MA, Tanveer S, Qayyum M. Knowledge, attitude and practices among the inhabitants of Lahore, Pakistan towards the COVID-19 pandemic: an immediate online based cross-sectional survey while people are under the lockdown. Bangladesh J Med Sci. 2020:69-S 76. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. Ashiq S, Ashiq K. The Role of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Gene Polymorphisms in Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biochem Genet. 2021:1-21. Schiffrin EL, Flack JM, Ito S, Muntner P, Webb RC. Hypertension and COVID-19. Am J Hypertens. 2020;33(5):373–374. Patel AB, Verma A. COVID-19 and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: what is the evidence? JAMA. 2020;323(18):1769-70. Riaz M, Shah G, Asif M, Shah A, Adhikari K, Abu-Shaheen A. Factors associated with hypertension in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):e0246085. Zarei L, Karimzadeh I, Moradi N, Peymani P, Asadi S, Babar Z-U-D. Affordability assessment from a static to dynamic concept: a scenario-based assessment of cardiovascular medicines. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1710.

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